| Evaluating Microbial Pathogens in Reservoirs |
JUL 1999 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
 | This technical note describes the results of an investigation that examined recent progress in evaluating the presence of microbial pathogens in reservoirs. Overall guidance as well as pertinent technical advances are summarized in a form suitable for field use. BACKGROUND: As part of its ongoing mission in water quality, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructs and operates a wide variety of water resource projects along streams and rivers in ... |
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| Implementation Guidance for Determining Suitability of Microorganisms for Explosives Degradation |
JUN 1999 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; Herbert L. Fredrickson; David B. Ringelberg; Edward J. Perkins; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This report pulls together past and recently completed research efforts conducted for the 6.1 basic work unit on "Microbiology and Degradation of Explosives." Results are summarized in the form of guidance on the isolation and physiological, biochemical, genetic, and environmental characterization of explosives-degrading microorganisms. Primary emphasis is placed on those microorganisms degrading 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4- and 2,6- dinitrotoluene (2,4- and 2,6-DNT), but microorganisms degrading hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX or cyclonite), ... |
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| Natural Attenuation of Explosives in Soil and Water Systems at Department of Defense Sites |
MAR 1999 |
232 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Douglas Gunnison; Danny W. Harrelson; James N. Brannon; Mansour Zakikhani; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Natural attenuation as a remedial alternative may be appropriate where natural processes are sufficient to protect receptors of concern. The objectives of this project were to demonstrate natural attenuation of explosives at an Army site, optimize groundwater monitoring procedures to generate reliable trends in explosives concentrations over time, evaluate the significance of site capacity on the ultimate fate and transport at the site, apply biomarkers and stable isotopes as monitoring ... |
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| Feasibility of Using Natural Attenuation as a Remedial Alternative for Explosives-Contaminated Groundwater at Site L1, Joliet Army Ammunition Plant, Joliet, Illinois |
AUG 1998 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Danny W. Harrelson; Mansour Zakikhani; Douglas Gunnison; Joan U. Clarke; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Natural attenuation may be an attractive alternative to more expensive remediation technologies at sites that meet well-defined selection criteria, acceptable risk levels, and that satisfy specific regulatory concerns. Environmental remediation technology is necessarily evolving toward less expensive, less intrusive, long-term solutions. Natural attenuation may be a legitimate and sensible alternative to other remediation methods if appropriate evidence of protection for potential contaminant receptors is documented. ... |
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| Assessment of Mechanisms Impacting N-Nitrosodimethylamine Fate Within the North Boundary Containment System, Rocky Mountain Arsenal |
NOV 97 |
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| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; Judith C. Pennington; Mark E. Zappi; Cynthia L. Teeter; Herbert L. Frederickson; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
 | Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) was for many years a site of military chemical weapons manufacturing activities, including manufacture and assembly of weapons containing intermediate and toxic chemical end-products, incendiary munitions, blending of hydrazine compounds for rocket fuels, and, under civilian jurisdiction, the manufacture of pesticide and herbicide chemicals. As a result of these activities, many contaminants have migrated into the soil and moved into portions of the shallow alluvial aquifer. ... |
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| Microbial Requirements for In Situ Biotreatment of Explosives |
FEB 96 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; William M. Davis; Glenn Myrick; Michael Ochman; Wayne Evans; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The biological destruction of explosives in soil depends upon several factors in addition to the presence of suitable microorganisms or microbial consortia. Successful bioremediation requires sufficient moisture, nutrients, and co-substrates (additives) at optimal concentrations. Enhancement of bioavailability by stimulating increased desorption of the contaminant from soils may also be required. Objectives of this study were to develop simple tests to determine the chemical compounds required to stimulate TNT destruction by ... |
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| Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Bioslurry Reactors |
OCT 95 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Shankha K. Banerji; Mark E. Zappi; Cynthia L. Teeter; Douglas Gunnison; M. J. Cullinane; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The Department of Defense has over 12,000 sites contaminated from military activities. Many sites contain petroleum contamination and residues from fueling, maintenance, and training activities. Use of bioslurry reactors may be an appropriate means for decontaminating these soils. This report presents data from two bench-scale and two pilot-scale studies that evaluated the suitability of the bioslurry process to bioremediate soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. Soils from two contaminated sites were ... |
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| Evaluation of Operational Factors Contributing to Reduced Recharge Capacity, North Boundary Treatment System, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado |
OCT 94 |
141 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia L. Teeter; Mark E. Zappi; Douglas Gunnison; David W. Strang; Norman R. Francinguas Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The North Boundary treatment system at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado, involves the pumping of contaminated ground water from an unconfined aquifer from one side of a soil bentonite slurry wall to three pulsed-bed activated carbon absorber and prefilter and postfilter systems. The treated water is injected into the unconfined aquifer on the other side of the slurry wall via 38 recharged wells and 15 recharged trenches, collectively referred ... |
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| Fate of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in a Simulated Compost System |
SEP 94 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Karen F. Myers; Douglas Gunnison; Erika F. McCormick; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Composting of explosives-contaminated soils is an economical alternative to other available treatment technologies. Development of a protocol for treatability studies in this work unit required mass balance of 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT) in the composting process to determine whether environmentally undesirable emissions or residuals are produced. The objective of the study was to develop methods for determining mass balance of TNT in a small-scale (473-cu cm 3) compost system. Results of ... |
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| Interactions of Liquid Propellant/LP XM46 With Soils |
SEP 94 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Cynthia B. Price; Douglas Gunnison; Donald W. Rathburn; Tommy E. Myers; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Development of an effective spill response plan for liquid propellant/LP XM46 (LP) required an understanding of the potential interactions between soil and the propellant. Studies were designed to characterize potential hazards of initial contact of LP with soil, runoff, infiltration, transport and sorption rates of spilled LP, and effects of LP on soil microflora. An analytical method for determining LP components in soils and water was also developed. Initial contact ... |
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| Installation Restoration Research Program. Alternative Methods for Biological Destruction of TNT: A Preliminary Feasibility Assessment of Enzymatic Degradation |
SEP 94 |
|
| Authors:
N. L. Wolfe; Tse-Yuan Ou; Laura Carreira; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The ability of a nitrate reductase enzyme extracted from pond sediment to remediate soils contaminated with low levels of TNT was evaluated. The enzyme extract was found to reduce TNT levels in four of the six soils examined over a 35-day incubation period. With more extensive incubation, treatments containing the enzyme extract significantly reduced TNT levels in highly contaminated soils as well. Based on monoclonal antibody investigations of the pond ... |
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| Sediment Oxygen Demand and Its Effects on Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations and Nutrient Release; Initial Laboratory Studies |
MAR 94 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia B. Price; Carl Cerco; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Three different approaches for examining sediment oxygen demand (SOD) are discussed. These include the use of freshwater sediment amended with organic matter as a source of energy to drive SOD processes, the use of successive aerobic/anaerobic cycles to determine the flux of organic and reduced inorganic chemical species released from the sediment to the water column as a result of SOD, and the evaluation of interactions occurring between the sediment ... |
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| Rapid Development of Microbial Strains for Bioremediation of Military Soils and Dredged Materials Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
SEP 93 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; Mark E. Zappi; John R. Marcev; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| A study was undertaken to rapidly obtain native microorganisms Or consortia (groups of microorganisms acting together to remove a contaminant or groups of contaminants) with the ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in soils and sediments subject to aerobic biological treatment. A screening test was developed to select those microorganisms active against the broadest spectrum of Priority PAHs (those PAHs present in highest concentration). Particular emphasis was also ... |
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| Technical Approach for In Situ Biological Treatment Research: Bench- Scale Experiments |
AUG 93 |
234 pages |
| Authors:
Mark E. Zappi; Douglas Gunnison; Judith Pennington; M. J. Cullinane; Cynthia L. Teeter; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station has assessed the potential of in situ biotreatment for remediation of contaminated aquifers. The objectives of this effort were to determine the knowledge gaps associated with in situ biotreatment, identify knowledge gaps in applications methodology, and to develop a research program that will improve the field applicability of the technology. The assessment involved review of pertinent literature, discussions with key authorities in the ... |
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| Screening Test and Isolation Procedure for TNT-Degrading Microorganisms |
JUL 93 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; Judith C. Pennington; Cynthia B. Price; Glenn B. Myrick; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| A test was developed to screen soils and sediments for the presence of microbial activity against 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT removal was observed with and without the use of chemicals to stimulate microbial activity., In addition to a small amount of TNT added to each soil sample, chemical treatments included toluene, dinitroaniline, dinitro-o-cresol, dinitrophenol, sodium acetate, sawdust, or sodium succinate. Following 1 to 4 weeks of incubation in static and slurry ... |
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| Description of Contaminant Sediment-Water Interactions Using RECOVERY |
APR 93 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas C. Sturgis; Carlos Ruiz; Douglas Gunnison; Judith C. Pennington; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Bedded sediments serve as sinks for many contaminants. Deposition of contaminants into the sediment begins a series of processes that may cycle contaminants back into the water column creating potentially adverse ecological impacts on aquatic biota. Sorption processes influence the mobility of contaminants from the sediment. Sorption is a general term referring to chemical binding that may be both reversible and irreversible. Desorption quantifies the reversibility of contaminants and is ... |
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| Sediment-Overlying Water Relationships Affecting Wintertime Dissolved Oxygen Conditions in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Wisconsin |
JUL 92 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; Douglas Gunnison; Harry L. Eakin; John W. Barko; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Effects of sediment disturbance and associated chemical oxygen demand on dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion were evaluated during the winters of 1989- 1990 in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir. As part of this effort, historical DO data, sediment physical and chemical composition, net sedimentation rates, and water quality characteristics were examined. DO depletion and anoxia in the winter develop rapidly in the headwaters in association with drawdown conditions and low inflows ... |
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| Proceeding of US Army Corps of Engineers Workshop on Sediment Oxygen Demand Held in Providence, Rhode Island on 21-22 August 1990 |
JUN 92 |
|
| Authors:
Carl Cerco; Douglas Gunnison; Cynthia B. Price; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and related processes control many water quality conditions. An understanding of SOD processes and their quantification is needed to assess the effects of US Army Corps of Engineers (CE) projects on sediment-water interactions and water quality. The US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) is presently developing methods to quantify SOD and determine its effect on water quality. A literature review and other papers presented at ... |
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| Evaluation of the Potential Use of Microorganisms in the Cleanup of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Spills in Soils |
SEP 91 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Soils and sediments at many military facilities have been contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (gasoline, lubricating oil, diesel fuel, aviation fuel), often as a consequence of spills occurring during storage and/or active use. Various elements of the military are required to clean up contamination resulting from any activity on lands under their jurisdiction. Leakage occurring in underground storage tanks near ground water aquifers can be a particularly serious problem, resulting in ... |
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| Aquatic Plant Control Research Program: Evaluation of Factors Influencing Gas Evolution Beneath Benthic Barriers |
APR 91 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; John W. Barko; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the role of temperature, sediment type, and organic matter source and content in controlling the rate of gas evolution beneath a benthic barrier. An initial study incorporated two sediments; Brown's Lake sediment (BLS), which is predominantly clay, and washed masonry sand containing 25 percent BLS (sand). The sediments (with and without organic matter amendment) were incubated at 15 and 30 C. A second study ... |
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| Comprehensive Analysis of Migration Pathways (CAMP): Contaminant Migration Pathways at Confined Dredged Material Disposal Facilities |
SEP 90 |
|
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; Douglas Gunnison; Tommy E. Myers; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| A confined disposal facility (CDF) is a diked enclosure having either permeable or low-permeable walls that are used to retain dredged material solids. There are two types of CDFs are located within the influence of normal tidal or other water fluctuations. This report identifies and documents key contaminant mobility processes and pathways operative in CDFs under varying operational and environmental conditions. It also summarizes what is known about contaminant migration, ... |
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| Sediment-Water Interactions and Contaminants in Corps of Engineers Reservoir Projects |
JUL 89 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; James M. Brannon; Aaron L. Mills; Linda K. Blum; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Contaminants in Corps of Engineers (CE) reservoir and waterway projects have caused problems in the past. The potential for these contaminants to cause additional problems has increased as more sophisticated water quality sampling programs and analyses have been adopted by field offices. Contaminant- sediment-water interactions are major mechanisms determining contaminate levels in project waters and availability to contaminants for biological uptake. This report examines the literature on sediment-water interactions and ... |
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| Analyses of Impacts of Bottom Sediments from Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal on Water Quality |
FEB 89 |
|
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Douglas Gunnison; Daniel E. Averett; James L. Martin; Rex L. Chen; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The influence of polluted bottom sediments on the quality of water in the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal (GCR/IHC) was investigated. The approach used consisted of obtaining and analyzing existing information on sediment-water interactions and their relationship to water quality, methods for estimating impacts of sediment-water interactions on water quality, and sediment and water quality data for the GCR/IHC system. To understand the role of sediment as a source of ... |
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| Investigation of Environmental Problems in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Wisconsin |
DEC 88 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; John W. Barko; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| A study of environmental problems in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Wisconsin, was undertaken in response to a request from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to the US Army Engineer District, St. Paul, for planning assistance. The Big Eau Pleine Reservoir has had a history of winter fish kills and summer algal blooms since its construction in 1937 by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company. The US Army Engineer Waterways ... |
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| New Bedford Harbor Superfund Project, Acushnet River Estuary EngineeringFeasibility Study of Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal Alternatives. Report6. Laboratory Testing for Subaqueous Capping |
OCT 88 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas C. Sturgis; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The thickness of capping material needed to chemically sequester the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated New Bedford Harbor sediment from the overlying water column and aquatic biota was assessed in a small-scale predictive test. Changes in the overlying water concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonium-nitrogen, and orthophosphate-phosphorus were monitored following isolation of the water column from the atmosphere by placing a 4-cm layer of mineral oil on the water surface. ... |
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| Evaluation of Proposed Dredged Material Disposal Alternatives for New York/New Jersey Harbor. Phase 1 |
AUG 88 |
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| Authors:
Marian E. Poindexter; Douglas Gunnison; David F. Macintyre; Gary F. Goforth; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This report documents the field collection of contaminated sediments from the New York/New Jersey Harbor, laboratory testing of those sediments, and initial evaluation of the test results. The work reported in this document is the first phase of a comprehensive evaluation of disposal alternatives for contaminated dredged material from the New York/New Jersey Harbor. Based upon bioassay/bioaccumulation and base neutral priority pollutant data, field sampling sites were selected by consensus ... |
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| Aquatic Plant Control Research Program: The Rhizosphere Microbiology of Rooted Aquatic Plants |
APR 88 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; John W. Barko; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The rhizosphere includes the root systems of higher plants and the assemblages of microorganisms associated with them. Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere have not been extensively examined in freshwater plants. However, information based on studies conducted in other environments indicates that these interactions may be important in freshwater systems. This report, based on a review of the literature, examines several aspects of the rhizosphere of rooted aquatic plants. These include: ... |
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| Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations Program. Development of a Simplified Column Test for Evaluation of Thickness of Capping Material Required to Isolate Contaminated Dredged Material |
MAR 87 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; James M. Brannon; Thomas C. Sturgis; Issac Smith Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| A procedure using a small-scale leaching column was developed for predicting the cap thickness required to chemically seal contaminated dredged sediment from the overlying water column. Several parameters, including dissolved oxygen depletion rates and release rates of ammonium-nitrogen, orthophosphate-phosphorus, and manganese, were evaluated as tracers for use in the predictive test. In addition, several tests were run using potassium chloride amendments to the contaminated sediment prior to capping to determine ... |
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| Capping Contaminated Dredged Material, |
MAR 1987 |
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| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; James M. Brannon; Ronald E. Hoeppel; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Capping contaminated dredged material with clean material to reduce the ecological impact of dredged material disposal in open water has been utilized by the New England and New York Districts. Monitoring of capped disposal sites has shown that capping is technically feasible and that the caps are stable under normal tidal and wave conditions (O'Connor and O'Connor 1983; Science Applications, Inc. 1982). Bioaccumulation studies conducted in the field have been ... |
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| Long-Term Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Dutch Kills Sediment from Biota and the Overlying Water |
AUG 86 |
|
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Ronald E. Hoeppel; Issac Smith Jr; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The effectiveness of capping in chemically and biologically isolating contaminated dredged material over a 1-year period was investigated using large (250-l) laboratory reactor units. The ability of Edgewater cap material to isolate contaminated Dutch Kills sediment was assessed by following the movement of chemical contaminants and microbial spores contained in the Dutch Kills sediment into the water columnand by monitoring the biological uptake of chemical contaminants by the clam, Mercenaria ... |
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| Dredging Operations Technical Support Program. Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Dutch Kills Sediment from Biota and the Overlying Water |
JUN 86 |
|
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Ronald E. Hoeppel; Thomas C. Sturgis; Issac Smith Jr.; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The effectiveness of capping in chemically and biologically isolating contaminated dredged material was investigated using laboratory reactor units. The ability of Buttermilk Channel cap materials to isolate contaminated dredged material was assessed in the large reactor units by following the movement of chemical contaminants and microbial spores contained in the capped dredged material into the overlying water column and by monitoring the biological uptake of chemical contaminants by clams and ... |
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| Environmental and Water Quality Operational Studies. Reservoir Site Preparation: Summary Report |
MAR 86 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; James M. Brannon; Rex L. Chen; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This report summarizes the results of Environmental and Water Quality Operational Studies (EWQOS) Work Unit IIF, Reservoir Site Preparation. The results of EWQOS and non-EWQOS studies pertinent to reservoir site preparation and initial filling are given in a summary of the literature, including discussions of clearing, soil stripping, initial filling, and reservoir aging. The procedures developed at the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and the application of laboratory study ... |
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| Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Contaminated Dredged Material from Biota and the Overlying Water |
NOV 85 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Ronald E. Hoeppel; Thomas C. Sturgis; Issac Smith Jr.; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The effectiveness of capping in chemically and biologically isolating contaminated dredged material was investigated using large- (250 pound) and small- (22.6 pound) scale laboratory reactor units. The ability of various cap materials to isolate contaminated dredged material was assessed in the large reactor units by following the movement of chemical contaminants and microbial spores contained in the capped dredged material into the overlying water column and by monitoring the biological ... |
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| Mechanisms That Regulate the Intensity of Oxidation-Reduction in Anaerobic Sediments and Natural Water Systems. |
AUG 1978 |
|
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Douglas Gunnison; Patricia L. Butler; Issac Smith Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MISS
|
| A literature review and a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the intensity of oxidation-reduction in natural environments. Results of the literature review indicated that following depletion of oxygen and nitrate, the highly reduced conditions reached by systems containing substantial amounts of organic matter appear to involve mixed potentials generated by unknown organic oxidation-reduction couples that act in concert with inorganic oxidation-reduction couples. Results ... |
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| Reservoirs and Waterways. Identification and Assessment of Environmental Quality Problems and Research Program Development. |
JUL 1978 |
|
| Authors:
John W. Keeley; Jerome L. Mahloch; John W. Barko; Douglas Gunnison; James D. Westhoff; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MISS
|
| The Civil Works program of the Corps of Engineers (CE) involves the entire spectrum of water resources development for the Nation and, as such, is unique among Federal agencies. Current concern for energy demands and water supply have emphasized the need for comprehensive water resources development including hydropower, water supply, and navigation as project purposes. Recreational demands are at a record high for most CE facilities and recreation is generally ... |
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| Mineral Cycling in Salt Marsh-Estuarine Ecosystems; Ecosystem Structure, Function, and General Compartmental Model Describing Mineral Cycles. |
JAN 1978 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MISS
|
| A nutrient and heavy metal cycling study of marsh-esturarine ecosystems was undertaken for the Dredged Material Research Program. The study objective was to gather as much of the existing information as possible on mineral cycling in marsh-estuarine ecosystems. A compartmental model outlining pathways of mineral cycling within the marsh-estuarine ecosystem was developed. Approaches used in the study included literature surveys and discussions with authorities in marsh-estuarine ecology. Information from allied ... |
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Reports by Author
