| Newly Reported Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Deployment Within Proximity to a Documented Open-Air Burn Pit in Iraq |
Jun 2012 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly A Jones; Besa Smith; Nisara S Granado; Edward J Boyko; Gary D Gackstetter; Margaret A Ryan; Christopher J Phillips; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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 | Background Recently, there has been concern that service members deploying in support of the current operations in Iraq and Afghanistan may have higher odds of developing chronic diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, as a result of environmental and occupational exposures that have been associated with these diseases in the general US population. One such exposure garnering much attention from media and veterans groups suggest smoke from open-air burning ... |
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| The Effects of Exposure to Documented Open-Air Burn Pits on Respiratory Health Among Deployers of the Millennium Cohort Study |
Jun 2012 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Besa Smith; Charlene A Wong; Edward J Boyko; Christopher J Phillips; Gary D Gackstetter; Margaret A Ryan; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Background A number of pollutants including dioxins, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and respirable particulate matter may be produced from burning solid waste in open pits. Some of these pollutants are well-recognized carcinogens, while others are known to irritate the respiratory system causing acute cough or shortness of breath, pneumonia, and chronic bronchitis, especially when exposures are recurring and at relevant concentrations. Methods Using multivariable logistic regression, newly-reported chronic bronchitis ... |
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| Prospective Assessment of Chronic Multisymptom Illness Reporting Possibly Associated with Open-Air Burn Pit Smoke Exposure in Iraq |
Jun 2012 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Teresa M Powell; Tyler C Smith; Isabel G Jacobson; Edward J Boyko; Tomoko I Hooper; Gary D Gackstetter; Christopher J Phillips; Besa Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Background The open-air burning of trash and other waste in theater is a practical solution for trash and waste disposal at bases of operations. However, the unknown nature of the chemicals released in this process has many veterans concerned that illnesses they have developed post-deployment may be due to burn pit smoke exposure. Methods CMI (reporting at least two of the following symptom constructs: general fatigue; mood and cognition problems; ... |
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| Trajectories of Trauma Symptoms and Resilience in Deployed US Military Service Members: Prospective Cohort Study |
Apr 2012 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
George A Bonanno; Anthony D Mancini; Jaime L Horton; Teresa M Powell; Cynthia A LeardMann; Edward J Boyko; Timothy S Wells; Tomoko I Hooper; Gary D Gackstetter; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CENTER FOR DEPLOYMENT HEALTH RESEARCH
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| Previous attempts to determine the psychological cost of military deployment have been limited by reliance on convenience samples, lack of predeployment data or confidentiality, and cross-sectional designs. This study addressed these limitations using a population-based, prospective study of U.S. military personnel deployed in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The sample consisted of U.S. military service members in all branches, including active duty, reserve, and national guard who ... |
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| A Comparison of Mental Health Outcomes in Persons Entering U.S. Military Service Before and After September 11, 2001 |
Feb 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy S Wells; Margaret A Ryan; Kelly A Jones; Tomoko I Hooper; Edward J Boyko; Isabel G Jacobson; Tyler C Smith; Gary D Gackstetter; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Background. After September 11, 2001, the United States entered into extended operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Individuals joining the military in the post-September 11 era committed to potential prolonged and repeated deployments. It has been hypothesized that those who entered military service in the pre-September 11 era might have expectations incongruent with their subsequent experiences, and this may increase their risk for mental disorders. Methods. A subset of Millennium Cohort ... |
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| Profile of Two Cohorts: UK and US Prospective Studies of Military Health |
29 Jun 2011 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J Pinder; Neil Greenberg; Edward J Boyko; Gary D Gackstetter; Tomoko I Hooper; Dominic Murphy; Margaret A Ryan; Besa Smith; Tyler C Smith; Timothy S Wells; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| In the United Kingdom and United States, these two independent cohort studies have been instituted to prospectively study the health of service personnel and veterans. From comparisons with baseline information, these studies are designed to better inform the military and the public on how best to protect the health of their armed forces and better understand the long-term risks of some occupational exposures that extend beyond military communities. In order ... |
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| Health Impact of US Military Service in a Large Population-Based Military Cohort: Findings of the Millennium Cohort Study, 2001-2008 |
Jan 2011 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler C Smith; Isabel G Jacobson; Tomoko I Hooper; Cynthia A LeardMann; Edward J Boyko; Besa Smith; Gary D Gackstetter; Timothy S Wells; Paul J Amoroso; Gregory C Gray; James R Riddle; Margaret A Ryan; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CENTER FOR DEPLOYMENT HEALTHE RESEARCH
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| Combat-intense, lengthy, and multiple deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan have characterized the new millennium. The US military's all-volunteer force has never been better trained and technologically equipped to engage enemy combatants in multiple theaters of operations. Nonetheless, concerns over potential lasting effects of deployment on long-term health continue to mount and are yet to be elucidated. This report outlines how findings from the first 7 years of the Millennium Cohort ... |
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| A Prospective Study of Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Deployment in Support of Iraq and Afghanistan: The Millennium Cohort Study |
Jan 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Kelly A Jones; Nisara S Granado; Besa Smith; Donald J Slymen; Margaret A Ryan; Edward J Boyko; Gary D Gackstetter; Christopher J Phillips; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CENTER FOR DEPLOYMENT HEALTHE RESEARCH
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| The objective of this study was to prospectively assess the association between deployment in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and newly reported lupus and rheumatoid arthritis while also considering the effects of demographic, behavioral, and occupational characteristics. A total of 77,047 (2001 2003) and 31,110 (2004 2006) participants completed the baseline Millennium Cohort questionnaire and were resurveyed approximately every 3 years. Longitudinal analyses were used to assess ... |
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| Health Impact of U.S. Military Service in a Large Population-based Military Cohort: Findings of the Millennium Cohort Study, 2001-2008 |
Jan 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler C Smith; Isabel G Jacobson; Tomoko I Hooper; Cynthia A LeardMann; Edward J Boyko; Besa Smith; Gary D Gackstetter; Timothy S Wells; Paul J Amoroso; Gregory C Gray; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Concerns over potential lasting effects of deployment on long-term health continue to mount. The Millennium Cohort Study is designed to help answer many of these long-term health-related questions. Over 150,000 active-duty, reserve, and National Guard personnel from all service branches have enrolled, and over 70% of the first 2 enrollment panels submitted at least 1 follow-up survey. Approximately half of the Cohort has deployed in support of operations in Iraq ... |
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| Headache Disorders in the Millennium Cohort: Epidemiology and Relations With Combat Deployment |
Jan 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J Jankosky; Tomoko I Hooper; Nisara S Granado; Ann Scher; Gary D Gackstetter; Edward J Boyko; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Objective: Characterize migraine and other headache disorders within a large population-based US military cohort, with an emphasis on the temporal association between military deployment and exposure to combat. Background: A higher than expected prevalence of migraine has previously been reported among deployed US soldiers in Iraq, suggesting an association. Headache disorders, including migraine, could have important consequences for military service members? performance. Methods: A total of 77,047 US active-duty, Reserve, ... |
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| Assessing Nonresponse Bias at Follow-up in a Large Prospective Cohort of Relatively Young and Mobile Military Service Members |
21 Oct 2010 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Alyson J Littman; Edward J Boyko; Isabel G Jacobson; Jaime Horton; Gary D Gackstetter; Besa Smith; Tomoko Hooper; Timothy S Wells; Paul J Amoroso; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Background: Nonresponse bias in a longitudinal study could affect the magnitude and direction of measures of association. We identified sociodemographic, behavioral, military, and health related predictors of response to the first follow-up questionnaire in a large military cohort and assessed the extent to which nonresponse biased measures of association. Methods: Data are from the baseline and first follow-up survey of the Millennium Cohort Study. Seventy-six thousand, seven hundred and seventy-five ... |
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| Exploratory Factor Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms in a Large, Population-Based Military Cohort |
15 Oct 2010 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Molly L Kelton; Cynthia A LeardMann; Besa Smith; Edward J Boyko; Tomoko I Hooper; Gary D Gackstetter; Paul D Bliese; Charles W Hoge; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CENTER FOR DEPLOYMENT HEALTHE RESEARCH
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| Background US military engagements have consistently raised concern over the array of health outcomes experienced by service members postdeployment. Exploratory factor analysis has been used in studies of 1991 Gulf War-related illnesses, and may increase understanding of symptoms and health outcomes associated with current military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to use exploratory factor analysis to describe the correlations among numerous physical and psychological ... |
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| Risk of Diabetes in US Military Service Members in Relation to Combat Deployment and Mental Health |
18 Dec 2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Edward J Boyko; Isabel G Jacobson; Besa Smith; Margaret A Ryan; Tomoko I Hooper; Paul J Amoroso; Gary D Gackstetter; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor; Tyler C Smith; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Objective: To determine whether military deployment, combat exposure, and mental health conditions were related to risk of newly reported diabetes over a 3-year survey interval. Methods: Data were from the Millennium Cohort Study and included 44,754 participants. Survey instruments provided information on demographics, height, weight, lifestyle, military service, clinician-diagnosed diabetes, and other physical and mental health conditions. Odds of newly reported diabetes were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results: After ... |
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| Self-Reported Health Symptoms and Conditions Among Complementary and Alternative Medicine Users in a Large Military Cohort |
Sep 2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Isabel G Jacobson; Martin R White; Tyler C Smith; Besa Smith; Timothy S Wells; Gary D Gackstetter; Edward J Boyko; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| A typical profile of a person in the military who chooses complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has not yet been established. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, this crosssectional analysis identified demographic characteristics and types of health-related symptoms and conditions associated with CAM use. A cross-sectional analysis of 86,131 individuals from all services, as well as active duty and Reserve and National Guard members from the Millennium Cohort, participated ... |
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| Newly Reported Respiratory Symptoms and Conditions Among Military Personnel Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: A Prospective Population-Based Study |
Jan 2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Besa Smith; Charlene A Wong; Tyler C Smith; Edward J Boyko; Gary D Gackstetter; Margaret A Ryan; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Of the 46 077 participants, approximately 23% had deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan between baseline and follow-up. The proportion of newly reported respiratory outcomes in deployers versus nondeployers were as follows: respiratory symptoms (14.2 vs 10.3%), chronic bronchitis or emphysema (1.1 vs 1.1%), asthma (1.0 vs 1.2%), and any respiratory condition (14.4 vs 10.5%). Symptoms and conditions were associated with deployment in both Army and Marine Corps members, with no ... |
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| Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Problems Before and After Military Combat Deployment |
Aug-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Tyler C Smith; Margaret A Ryan; Isabel G Jacobson; Tomoko I Hooper; Pail J Amoroso; Edward J Boyko; Gary D Gackstetter; Timothy S Wells; Nicole S Bell; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Concern has grown over the health of US service members returning from deployment in support of the way Afghanistan. High rates of alcohol misuse after deployment have been reported among personnel returning from past conflict focusing on alcohol misuse after returning from the current conflicts are lacking. The Millennium Cohort Study is a population-based longitudinal study designed to evaluate any long-term effect. Our analyses included 48 481 participants with complete ... |
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| The Long-Term Hospitalization Experience Following Military Service in the 1991 Gulf War Among Veterans Remaining on Active Duty, 1994-2004 |
13-Feb-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Besa Smith; Tyler C Smith; Tomoko I Hooper; Gary D Gackstetter; Sarnar F DeBakey; Barbara E Nagaraj; Kimberly S Bellis; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Background: Despite more than a decade of extensive, international efforts to characterize and understand the increased symptom and illness-reporting among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War, concern over possible long-term health effects related to this deployment continue. The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term hospitalization experience of the subset of U.S. Gulf War veterans still on active duty between 1994 and 2004. Results: Members of our 1994 ... |
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| Millennium Cohort: Enrollment Begins A 21-Year Contribution to Understanding the Impact of Military Service |
Jan 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Margaret A Ryan; Tyler C Smith; Besa Smith; Paul Amoroso; Edward J Boyko; Gregory C Gray; Gary D Gackstetter; James R Riddle; Timothy S Wells; Gia Gumbs; Thomas E Corbeil; Tomoko I Hooper; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| Objective: In response to health concerns of military members about deployment and other service-related exposures, the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the largest prospective study ever undertaken in the U.S. military. Study Design and Setting: The Millennium Cohort uses a phased enrollment strategy to eventually include more than 100,000 U.S. service members who will be followed up through the year 2022, even after leaving military service. Subjects will be linked ... |
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