| Overland Erosion Due To Freeze-Thaw Cycling: Laboratory Experiments |
APR 2003 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence W. Gatto; Michael G. Ferrick; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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 | Ice that forms in soil voids during the freezing process pushes soil grains apart reducing particle cohesion and soil strength and making soil more erodible. This report summarizes 18 experiments to measure erosion rates in a soil that was frozen and thawed once and in the same unfrozen soil. We hypothesized that soil freeze-thaw (FT) processes significantly increase upland hill slope erosion during subsequent runoff events. We selected a frost- ... |
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| Analysis of Linear and Monoclinal River Wave Solutions |
JAN 1998 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Nicholas J. Goodman; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Linear dynamic wave and diffusion wave analytical solutions are obtained for a small, abrupt flow increase from an initial to a higher steady flow. Equations for the celerities of points along the wave profiles are developed from the solutions and related to the kinematic wave and dynamic wave celerities. The linear solutions are compared systematically in a series of case studies to evaluate the differences caused by inertia. These comparisons ... |
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| Local Variation in Winter Morning Air Temperature |
DEC 97 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Austin W. Hogan; Michael G. Ferrick; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Results of temperature measurements, which may be applied to inference of winter temperatures in data-sparse areas, are presented. The morning air temperatures during three winters were measured at 80 places in a 10-x 30-km area along the Connecticut River. NOAA climatologies show this region to have complex spatial variation in mean minimum temperature. Frequency analysis techniques were applied to evaluate the differences in daily local temperature. Temperature lapse or temperature ... |
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| A Doppler Radar for Continuous Remote Measurement of River Ice Velocity |
NOV 95 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Norbert E. Yankielun; David F. Nelson; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| River ice velocity measurements are fundamental to analyses of river ice dynamics. Ice velocity measurement with a continuous-wave Doppler radar system having real-time data acquisition and digital signal processing capability was evaluated during a river breakup and a frazil run on the Connecticut River. This system can be rapidly deployed, requires minimal operator interaction, will continuously acquire, process, store, and display ice velocity data and does not depend on visibility ... |
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| The Winter Low-Flow Balance of the Semiarid White River, Nebraska and South Dakota |
JUL 95 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Nathan D. Mulherin; Darryl J. Calkins; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Low-flow studies ore needed to quantify the effects of water consumption on stream flow, water quality, groundwater resources, and contaminant transport. The low-flow water balance of a river in a cold region is simplified in winter because evapotranspiration is negligible, irrigation water withdrawals and diversions are halted, and precipitation occurs largely as snow, minimizing the spatial arid temporal variability of runoff. We investigated the monthly low-flow water balance of White ... |
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| Automatic, Continuous River Stage Measurement with a Millimeter-Wave FM- CW Radar |
DEC 1993 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Norbert E. Yankielun; Michael G. Ferrick; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| River stage measurements at many locations are fundamental for the analysis of dynamic events on rivers, including ice breakup. But, these data are frequently unavailable. A high-resolution, broadband millimeter-wave (26.5 to 40 GHz) Frequency Modulated-Continuous Wave (FM-CW) radar, with real-time data acquisition and digital signal processing capability, was mounted from fixed locations on bridges over the Connecticut River to continuously acquire, process, store and display river stage data during controlled ... |
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| Kinematic Model of River Ice Motion During Dynamic Breakup |
SEP 93 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Patricia B. Weyrick; David F. Nelson; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| We begin a study of the dynamics of ice motion during river breakup by formulating a Kinematic model. Ice continuity equations are applied to relate the speeds of a breaking front, convergence front, stoppage front, and release front with the ice discharge and volume per unit surface area (unit volume) on either side of each front. Ice velocity data are obtained from measurements with time made during a dynamic breakup ... |
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| Development of an Airborne MMW FM-CW Radar for Mapping River Ice |
JAN 1993 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Norbert E. Yankielum; Michael G. Ferrick; Patricia B. Weyrick; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
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| Analyses of a river's freezeup ice cover stability and its breakup rely on detailed knowledge of the cover's thickness and the variability of that thickness. A high-resolution, millimeter wave (26.5- to 40-GHz) Frequency Modulated-Continuous Wave radar with real-time data acquisition and digital signal processing and display capability was deployed from a low-flying (3-10 m) helicopter to continuously acquire, process and display data during an ice thickness profiling survey of a ... |
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| A Model for Vertical Frazil Distribution |
APR 92 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Chyr P. Liou; Michael G. Ferrick; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| A model is presented for the evolution of frazil over depth and with time in a turbulent flow. The net upward migration due to buoyancy of the frazil is opposed by intermittent mixing induced by large energy-containing eddies. A surface renewal model is used to describe the effects of large eddy mixing. Parameters that represent an entire water body are obtained by averaging those of discrete water columns using a ... |
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| Vector Analysis of Ice Fabric Data |
MAR 92 |
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| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Kerrn J. Claffey; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
 | The mechanical properties of ice are strongly affected by crystal texture and c-axis alignment. In this report we develop a general quantitative method for analysis of uniaxial crystal orientation data. These data are represented as unit vectors from the origin with endpoints on the surface of a unit sphere. An orthogonal least-squares error measure is used to develop equations that define the closest plane and line through the data. The ... |
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| Analysis of River Ice Motion Near a Breaking Front |
OCT 91 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Patricia B. Weyrick; Susan T. Hunnewell; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| A quantitative theory of dynamic river ice breakup is not yet available. One of the essential components of such a theory is description of the ice motion near the breaking front. In this report we develop an analysis of this motion for a specific case that is consistent with observed data. The analysis is generalized by allowing the speed of the breaking front to vary, and the parameters of the ... |
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| Framework for Control of Dynamic Ice Breakup by River Regulation |
JUN 89 |
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| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Nathan D. Mulherin; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| This report describes and classifies the entire range of ice breakup behavior, from the thermal to dynamic, to provide order to this complex process. The theory and model of the authors are refined, building on the concept of an intrinsic relationship between river waves and dynamic ice breakup. A force balance is developed for a common dynamic breakup behavior. Empirical criteria that quantify the resistance to breakup of an ice ... |
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| Options for Management of Dynamic Ice Breakup on the Connecticut River Near Windsor, Vermont |
MAR 88 |
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| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; George E. Lemieux; Patrica B. Weyrick; Warren Demont; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| The Cornish-Windsor bridge is the longest covered bridge in the United States and has significant historical value. At a large peak flow, dynamic ice breakup of the Connecticut River can threaten the bridge and cause flood damage in the town of Windsor, Vermont. Throughout the 1985-86 winter we regularly monitored ice conditions, including a midwinter dynamic ice breakup on 27 January. We conducted controlled release tests over the operating range ... |
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| An Experimental Investigation of Potential Icing of the Space Shuttle External Tank |
SEP 1982 |
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| Authors:
Michael G. Ferrick; Kazuhiko Itagaki; George E. Lemieux; Susan E. Minas; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| The thermal protection system tiles on the Space Shuttle orbiter are extremely sensitive to impact damage. Such impacts could be caused by ice particles dislodged from the outer surface of the external tank (ET) during the launch. The ET, which contains the cryogenic propellant tanks, is covered with a spray-on foam insulation (SOFI) to minimize ice formation. The objective of this investigation was to experimentally explore a range of environmental ... |
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| Pilot Study Program, Great Lakes Shoreland Damage Study. Appendix VI. Engineering-Economics Analysis of Shore Protection Systems: A Benefit/Cost Model. |
MAY 1976 |
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| Authors:
John M. Armstrong; Michael R. McGill; R. Bruce DenUyl; Michael G. Ferrick; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR COASTAL ZONE LAB
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| The decision to invest in a shore protection structure is influenced by a number of variables. To enable shoreline property owners to examine the factors in making investments in shoreline protective structures, the study employs benefit/cost analysis. This economic tool evaluations the net benefits property owners derive from shoreline structures. The model ties together these factors in a computer program that determines the economic worth of the various protective measures ... |
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Reports by Author
