| Naive Realism in Terrain Appreciation |
2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Harvey S. Smallman; Maia B. Cook; Daniel I. Manes; Michael B. Cowen; PACIFIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GROUP INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
 | Previously, we have shown that shaded perspective view (3-D) displays are better for understanding the shape and rough layout of terrain than conventional 2-D views. We have coined the term Naive Realism for users' misplaced, blanket faith in these 3-D displays (Smallman & St. John, 2005). There are hints in the individual difference literature that those of low spatial ability may be particularly prone to Naive Realism. Here, we integrate ... |
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| A Review of Team Collaboration Tools Used in the Military and Government |
2007 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
George E. Seymour; Michael B. Cowen; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The military operates today both administratively and tactically using collaboration tools. The purpose of this report is to explore the recent past and current status of collaboration tools use in order to provide recommendations for the future with respect to crisis reaction. In other words, what are the best web-based tools to support small team interaction and work when team members cannot reside in the same physical workspace? Two methods, ... |
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| Quantification of Subjective Information Assessments in C2 Decision Option Selection |
JUN 2006 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Cowen; Robert A. Fleming; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Two of the more subjective processes in decision making involve forming an opinion about each decision-relevant information item (i.e., the impact and importance of that item to any decision option) and then selecting one option based upon some form of cognitive weighting of the entire information pool. The decision support package described here simplifies and quantifies these two processes by supplying an intuitive interface to capture: (1) location of the ... |
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| A Review of Team Collaboration Tools for Crisis Response in the Military and Government |
JUN 2006 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
George E. Seymour; Michael B. Cowen; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The military operates today both administratively and tactically using collaboration tools. The purpose of this report is to explore the recent past and current status of collaboration tools use in order to provide recommendations for the future with respect to crisis reaction. In other words, what are the best webbased tools to support small team interaction and work when team members cannot reside in the same physical workspace? Two methods, ... |
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| Improving Collaboration in Command and Control Environments: Creating and Exchanging Iconic Tags of Key Information |
JUN 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Cowen; Robert A. Fleming; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Collaborative command and control environments for team decision making and situation assessment are becoming increasingly more distributed in time and space. Shared understanding among team members with regard to the impact, importance, and quality of relevant information items (e.g., sensor outputs, text documents, images, message traffic, web pages) is a critical element in the selection of an effective course of action. Here, we focus on the issues of (1) what ... |
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| Improving Collaboration in Command and Control Environments: Creating and Exchanging Iconic Tags of Key Information |
2005 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Cowen; Robert A. Fleming; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND SAN DIEGO CA
|
| DCODE (Decision Making Constructs in a Distributed Environment) objectives are to: improve the ability of both individuals and distributed group decision makers to evaluate, share, and integrate decision-relevant information items and to improve decision time by reducing the time and effort devoted to conflict resolution and consensus building in reaching an overall group decision. Decision making application areas are: information fusion, analysis and situation assessment, option generation/selection, course of action ... |
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| Improving Individual and Team Decisions Using Iconic Abstractions of Subjective Knowledge (Briefing Charts) |
JUN 2004 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Fleming; Michael B. Cowen; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND SAN DIEGO CA
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| Research has shown that in a group decision making environment, members usually discount any uniquely held information that gets shared with the group. We hypothesize this is so because: (1) A group member already has a high cognitive burden in processing the information he has found. (2) Shared information from other members usually arrives in an unprocessed form. (3) The new information is not integrated into the decision process because ... |
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| Improving Individual and Team Decisions Using Iconic Abstractions of Subjective Knowledge |
JUN 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Fleming; Michael B. Cowen; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Eighteen military officers made ratings about the suitable location of a mythical refugee camp. They were given 30 information items, 6 items for each of 5 decision criteria. Using a 5-point acceptability scale, they gave a rating for each of the criteria plus an overall acceptability rating. Half of the participants (Text group) saw each item and assigned it to a criterion, and then during the decision phase were shown ... |
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| Human Factors of 3-D Perspective Displays for Command and Control |
2002 |
|
| Authors:
Harvey S. Smallman; Mark St. John; Michael B. Cowen; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND SAN DIEGO CA
|
 | Effective Command and Control (C2) requires the rapid comprehension of the identity and other attributes of tracks and other objects in three-dimensional (3-D) space. Advances in computing speed and power are enabling display designers to create real-time prototype 3-D displays for this purpose. By 3-D display, we mean a display that shows a perspective projection of all three dimensions of physical space onto a flat CRT. One example of a ... |
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