| US Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mishaps: Assessment of the Role of Human Factors Using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) |
08 MAR 2005 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony P. Tvaryanas; William T. Thompson; Stefan H. Constable; HUMAN SYSTEMS WING ( 311TH) BROOKS AFBTX
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 | Background: This study was a 10-year cross sectional analysis of human factors in U.S. military UAV mishaps. Methods: Class A-C UAV mishap reports were reviewed and human factors coded using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Binary logistic regression was used to create models predicting unsafe operator acts. Results: 133/221(60.2%) UAV mishaps were human related. Predictors of unsafe acts were technological environment and cognitive factors in the Air ... |
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| Exercise Compliance: Does the US Air Force Have Unique Opportunities |
01 NOV 2001 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Palmer; Neal Baumgartner; Stefan H. Constable; HUMAN SYSTEMS INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| This publication documents the proceedings of an exercise compliance workshop sponsored by the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine's Performance Enhancement Division and held in conjunction with a Human Systems Information Analysis Center (HSIAC) Review & Analysis entitled, Exercise Compliance: Does the US Air Force Have Unique Opportunities? Military and civilian exercise science and exercise behavior subject- matter experts gathered at Brooks AFB, TX on 16 August 2001 purposed ... |
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| Workshop Proceedings: Health and Job-Specific Body Composition Standards for the U.S. Air Force |
24 AUG 1999 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Michael E. Rench; Barbara Palmer; Stefan H. Constable; CREW SYSTEM ERGONOMICS INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER WRIGHT- PATTERSON AFB OH
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| This proceedings document summarizes discussions that took place during the Health and Job-Specific Body Composition Workshop, sponsored by the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine and supported by the Crew System Ergonomics Information Analysis Center (CSERlAC). The workshop was held at the David H. Ponitz Sinclair Center at Sinclair Community College in downtown Dayton, Ohio on August 24, 1999. It is a companion document to the CSERlAC Review and Analysis, Health ... |
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| Physiological Effects of Chemical Protective Garments During Exercise and Heat Stress |
JAN 1998 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Susan H. Bomalaski; Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX CREW TECHNOLOGY DIV
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| The present study was designed to examine the effect of protective garments, with a range of insulation and permeability characteristics, on changes in physiological parameters during exercise and on heat balance in warm and hot environments. Dressed in the U.S. Army Battle Dress Uniform (BDU), the U.S. Army Chemical Defense Ensemble (CDE), a butyl rubber Toxic Agent Protective (TAP) suit, and the CDE covered by a two-piece vinyl rainsuit (RAIN) ... |
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| Effect of Rate of Heat Gain on Selected Serum Enzymes in Rhesus Monkeys |
APR 94 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Cristine L. Heaps; Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH CREW SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE
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| Cell membrane leakage of sodium and potassium ions results in an energy drain at the cellular level as active transport activity must increase to maintain the membrane potential. This membrane permeability increases as body temperature rises, a result of an increase in the kinetic energy of the ions. Thermal stress and the resultant increased cell membrane permeability poses a challenge to the cell to maintain homeostasis and may contribute to ... |
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| Physiological Efficacy of a Lightweight Ambient Air Cooling Unit for Various Applications |
OCT 93 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Yasu T. Chen; Susan H. Bomalaski; Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| In an attempt to further advance intermittent conditioned air cooling (IC) concept, a strategy of supplementing continuous air cooling (CC) was conceived. With this approach, ambient air cooling (AC) is added during work with conditioned air cooling delivered during rest periods. A compact, battery- powered beltpack cooling unit (8.5 lb), designed and fabricated at the USAF armstrong Laboratory, was used to deliver 12 cfm filtered ambient air during work cycles: ... |
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| The Metabolic and Thermoregulatory Responses of Rhesus Monkeys to Combined Exercise and Environmental Heat Load |
AUG 93 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Cristine L. Heaps; Stefan H. Constable; KRUG LIFE SCIENCES SAN ANTONIO TX SAN ANTONIO DIV
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| The purpose of the present research was to characterize the effects of selected physiological stressors such as work and various environmental heat loads in rhesus monkeys. Nonhuman primates (N=6) were behaviorally conditioned to exercise in a wheel ergometer at about 3 METs. Core temperature (Tco), body weight (BW) and blood samples were taken immediately before and after exercise. Excessively high heat storage rates dictated that the 35 C trial be ... |
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| Thermal Stress in Seven Types of Chemical Defense Ensembles During Moderate Exercise in Hot Environments |
AUG 93 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Susan H. Bomalaski; Richard Hengst; Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| United States Air Force -(USAF) personnel must perform their duties in many operational environments, including those with the potential for contamination with toxic chemical warfare (CW) agents. This study evaluated the physiological response to thermal stress in subjects performing moderate work in current and prototype chemical protective garments including the Battle Dress Overgarment (BDO)+BDU, BDO without BDU, United Kingdom (UK) undercoverall+BDU, Gore-Tex rainsuit+PJ-7 undercoverall, Marine Light Fighter Suit (MLFS), CWU77P, ... |
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| USAF Physiological Studies of Personal Microclimate Cooling: A Review |
MAY 93 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| The U.S. Air Force has accomplished a number of research studies which evaluated the efficacy of selected personal cooling approaches for alleviating heat stress in personnel wearing certain protective clothing. Most of this work involved laboratory, as opposed to field, studies and incorporated human subjects performing work in either warm or hot environments. Both air and liquid microclimate cooling systems were evaluated. The general findings include: (1) personal microclimate cooling ... |
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| Effect of Intermittent Cold Exposure on the Fiber-Type Composition of Selected Skeletal Muscles in Rats |
APR 93 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. Walters; Stefan H. Constable; ARMSTRONG LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| We examined the effect of long-term intermittent cold exposure (CE) on the fiber-type composition of the predominantly type I soleus and the predominantly type IIb extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the rats. CE was accomplished by submerging the rats in shoulder-deep water, maintained at 20 = 0.5 deg C, for 1 h/d, 5 d/wk, for up to 19 weeks. Rats were randomly assigned to either a Control (CON) or ... |
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| Characterization of Chemical Defense Mask Breathing Resistance Tolerances |
MAR 93 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Melchor J. Antunano; F. W. Baumgardner; Ysau T. Chen; Stefan H. Constable; KRUG LIFE SCIENCES SAN ANTONIO TX SAN ANTONIO DIV
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| The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wearing MCU- 2/P and M-17 groundcrew chemical defense masks during steady-state work. Five MCU-2/P mask configurations (MC) were tested: mask without filter (MCU-OF), mask + 1 filter (MCU-1F), mask + 2 filters (MCU-2F), mask + 1 filter + air blower A (MCU-ABA), and mask + 1 filter + air blower B (MCU-ABB). Ten subjects walked on a treadmill (3 ... |
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| Physiological Responses to Varying Workloads and Configurations of the MCU-2/P Chemical Defense Mask |
FEB 93 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Melchor J. Antunano; F. W. Baumgardner; Yasu T. Chen; Stefan H. Constable; KRUG LIFE SCIENCES SAN ANTONIO TX SAN ANTONIO DIV
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| An objective of this study was to evaluate the breathing resistance characteristics of MCU-2/P and M-17 chemical defense masks during individual exposures to 8 consecutive incremental workloads. Other objectives included: evaluation of cardiorespiratory and subjective responses and testing of two commercially available blowers. Five MCU-2/P mask configurations were tested: mask without filter (MCU-OF), mask + 1 filter (MCU-1 F), mask + 2 filters (MCU- 2F), mask + 1 filter + ... |
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| Acute Physiological Responses While Wearing Various Configurations of the MCU-2/P Groundcrew Chemical Defense Mask |
OCT 92 |
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| Authors:
Melchor J. Antunano; Yasu T. Chen; Stefan H. Constable; KRUG LIFE SCIENCES SAN ANTONIO TX SAN ANTONIO DIV
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 | Resistance to breathing is a major factor that determines individual tolerance to physical work while wearing a protective mask. This study evaluated some of the acute effects associated with the use of the MCU-2/P mask. Three MCU-2/P mask configurations (MC) were tested: mask + 1 filter (MCU-IF), mask + 2 filters in parallel (MCU-2F), and mask + 1 filter + air blower (MCU-lAB). The air blower provided 65 L min-1 ... |
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| Prediction of Thermal Stress Casualties |
MAY 89 |
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| Authors:
Gary S. Krahenbuhl; Joseph Harris; Stefan H. Constable; Don W. Morgan; Jeffrey K. Allen; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE COLL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
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| Young adult male subjects (n=15) were monitored under conditions featuring various combinations of three factors: work (rest or treadmill walking at 50% VO2, clothing (USAF flight) suit or USAF flight suit plus the MOPP-IV chemical defense ensemble (CDE)), and environment (in an air-conditioned laboratory or outside in the desert summer). Biogenic amine and metabolite responses were determined from timed urine samples using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical ... |
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| Pilot Stress in A-10 Surface-Attack Training. |
JUL 1980 |
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| Authors:
Gary S. Krahenbuhl; James R. Marett; Leonard C. Reuther; Stefan H. Constable; Gary B. Reid; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE DEPT OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
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| Research has shown that flying training is a highly stressful experience. The degree of stressfulness is greater in situations involving immediate threat. The present research addressed the stress involved in A-10 surface-attack training. Stress responses of A-10 student pilots in ground-attack training were assessed through measurement of catecholamine excreted into the urine. Stress responses were assessed over the course of 11 simulator and aircraft sorties. An investigation was also made ... |
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| Undergraduate Pilot Training: Instructor Pilot Behavior and Student Stress and Performance. |
JUL 1980 |
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| Authors:
Gary S. Krahenbuhl; Paul W. Darst; James R. Marett; Leonard C. Reuther; Stefan H. Constable; ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE DEPT OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
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| Research has shown flying training to be a very stressful experience. Stress appears to be greater in less capable students. One of the most salient stress producing agents in pilot training is the instructor pilot. Studies have shown that instructor pilot behavior can be quantified and its stress-producing quality measured. The stress response of students can be assessed via measurement of cathecholamines excreted into the urine. The present research examined ... |
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