This investigation developed and validated a highly sensitive method based on particle counting technology for assessing the protection afforded by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear respirators against biological threat agents. Inert monodisperse and polydisperse aerosols, representative in size to biological agents, were used to challenge a respirator fitted to a headform or worn by a human test participant. An aerosol spectrometer was used to measure aerosol penetration into the facepiece ...