| Reserve Osmosis Removal of Organic Compounds. 2. Opportunity Poisons and Nerve Agent Hydrolysates |
01 MAR 95 |
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| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Arcadio P. Sincero; Mark O. Schmidt; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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 | Reverse osmosis (RO) rejection of acetic acid, fluoro-, chloro- and bromoacetic acids and hydrazine was investigated in a pilot scale (3 gpm) test unit; RO rejection of methylphosphonic acid and ethyl,-isopropyl and pinacolyl methylphosphonic acids (nerve agent hydrolysates) was investigated in a bench scale (6 L/hr) test unit. Rejection of acetic acid derivatives was found to be pH and pKa dependent; molecular weight was not a factor for total acids, ... |
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| Reverse Osmosis Removal of Organic Compounds II. Opportunity Poisons and Nerve Agent Hydrolysates |
01 MAR 95 |
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| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Arcadio P. Sincero; Mark O. Schmidt; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Reverse osmosis (RO) rejection of acetic acid, fluoro-, chloro- and bromoacetic acids and hydrazine was investigated in a pilot scale (3 gpm) test unit; RO rejection of methylphosphonic acid and ethyl, isopropyl and pinacolyl methylphosphonic acids (nerve agent hydrolysates) was investigated in a bench scale (6 L/hr) test unit. Rejection of acetic acid derivatives was found to be pH and pKa dependent; molecular weight was not a factor for total ... |
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| Photooxidation of Groundwater Contaminants: Trichloroethylene, Trichloromethane, Dibromochloropropane and Benzene. A Critical Review |
01 MAY 94 |
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| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| The literature on advanced oxidation, with special reference to photooxidation, has been reviewed for four Rocky Mountain Arsenal groundwater contaminants: trichloroethylene (TCE), trichloromethane (chloroform), benzene and 1,2-dibromo-d-chloropropane (DBCP or nemagon). Photooxidation, Trichloroethylene, Trichloromethane, Dibromochloropropane, Benzene, Groundwater. |
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| Treatment for Removal of Biotoxins from Drinking Water |
SEP 93 |
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| Authors:
Robert W. Wannemacher Jr.; Richard E. Dinterman; William L. Thompson; Mark O. Schmidt; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| The fate of biotoxins in water when subjected to Army field treatment technologies has been investigated. Near complete removal (more than 98 percent) of ricin, T-2, saxitoxin and microcystin was achieved by means of reverse osmosis, but coagulation/flocculation with ferric chloride was ineffective. Disappearance exceeded 99 percent for ricin and saxitoxin exposed to 100 mg/L free available chlorine for 30 minutes; lesser concentrations were ineffective, and the toxicities of T-2 ... |
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| Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit: Efficacy of Cartridge Filters for Removal of Bacteria and Protozoan Cysts when Ro Elements are Bypassed |
APR 93 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen A. Schaub; Helen T. Hargett; Mark O. Schmidt; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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 | Two different filter combinations have been tested as candidate systems for bypassing the reverse osmosis membranes of the Army's ROWPU when treating fresh water: a spiral-wound cotton prefilter of 5.0 micrometers nominal pore size combined with either a melt-blown polypropylene depth filter or a pleated polypropylene filter of 3.0 micrometers absolute pore size. Test organisms were Klebsiella terrigena, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Rhodotorula rubra, and 3.7 micrometers latex beads. Challenge waters ... |
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| Evaluation of Ventilation Inside Armored Vehicles |
AUG 92 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph T. Allen; W. D. Burrows; Joseph A. Terra; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| The ventilation systems in the Ml/MlAl battle tank, M60 battle tank, and the M2A2-M2A3 fighting vehicle were evaluated to determine their effectiveness as compared to ventilatory requirements stated in MIL-STD-1472C. Available ventilation test data was also collected and reviewed. Theoretical and actual ventilatory rates for the Ml/MlAl, M60, and M2A2-M2A3, are listed. Projected combustion product concentration build-up and purge rates have been determined under conditions of the several differing modes ... |
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| Biological Treatment of Composition B Wastewaters. 3. Analysis of Performance of Holston Army Ammunition Plant Wastewater Treatment Facility, January 1985 through August 1986: Errata |
MAY 92 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Elizabeth T. Paulson; Robert P. Carnahan; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels at the Holston Army Ammunition Plant wastewater treatment facility, as quoted in U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory Technical Report 8806, are in error. This report corrects those values, as we as the derived rate coefficients for BOD destruction. Conclusions from the earlier report are unchanged.... Composition B, Explosives, Wastewater, Anoxic filter, Activated sludge RDX. |
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| Shower Water Recycle IV. Reverse Osmosis Studies |
SEP 91 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Mark O. Schmidt; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| The U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory has investigated the use of reverse osmosis (RO) for treatment of shower wastewater for recycle. The synthetic challenge (feed) water contained 17 to 100 milligram per liter of total organic carbon (TOC) as soap; permeate (product) water is of excellent quality in terms of TOC, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and conductivity. Most removal of organic materials was accomplished by the prefilters rather ... |
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| Intravenous (4) Fluidmaker 4. A Disposable Device for Preparation of Sterile Water for Injection in a Field Setting |
JUN 91 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Mark O. Schmidt; James H. Nelson; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| A small, disposable system has been developed to prepare USP Sterile Water for Injection (WFI) from a pressurized potable source. The system comprises, in series, a standard laboratory strong acid/strong base ion exchange column, an activated carbon water purification filter, a fine particle filter, a 0.2 um sterilizing filter and a Resuscitation Fluids Production System (REFLUPS) 18 L bag set, which is filled by means of a 19-port distribution head. ... |
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| Intravenous (IV) Fluidmaker IV. A Disposable Device for Preparation of Sterile Water for Injection in a Field Setting |
JUN 91 |
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| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Mark O. Schmidt; James H. Nelson; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| A small, disposable system has been developed to prepare USP Sterile Water for Injection (WFI) from a pressurized potable source. The system comprises, in series, a standard laboratory strong acid/strong base ion exchange column, an activated carbon water purification filter, a fine particle filter, a 0.21 micro sterilizing filter and a Resuscitation Fluids Production System (REFLUPS) 18 L bag set, which is filled by means of a 19port distribution head. ... |
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| IV Fluidmaker II. Test and Evaluation of 6 L/HR Prototype |
MAR 91 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
T. L. Rogers Jr.; W. D. Burrows; James H. Nelson; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Five hand-operated intravenous (iv) fluidmakers capble of producing 6 L/hr of water for injection have been tested for endotoxin, oxidizables and chloride content and sterility of product water from a challenge water having high levels of all measured parameters. Three of the fluidmakers incorporated a reverse osmosis unit, ion exchange column, water purification filter and sterilizing filter in series; the remaining two lacked the ion exchange column, but were otherwise ... |
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| IV Fluidmaker III. Test and Evaluation of 1 L/HR Prototype |
MAR 91 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
T. L. Rogers Jr.; Mark O. Schmidt; W. D. Burrows; James H. Nelson; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Hand-operated fluidmakers capable of producing 1 L/hr of water for injection have been tested for their ability to remove endotoxins, oxidizables, chloride and bacteria from a challenge water having high levels of all measured parameters. Three fluidmakers consisted of a reverse osmosis unit, an ion exchange column, a water purification filter and a sterilizing filter in series; two others were identical except for the lack of ion exchange columns. Three ... |
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| Occupational Health Issues Related to Nitroglycerin Exposure: Requirements for Protective Gloves and Development of a Biological Exposure Index |
JAN 91 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Winifred G. Palmer; W. D. Burrows; David L. Parmer; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Current practices with respect to protective gloves at Army ammunition plants that manufacture and incorporate nitroglycerin (NG) have been identified. The availability of alternative and presumably superior gloves has been examined. A literature review with respect to exposure indices suggests that it may be possible to monitor nitroglycerin exposure with NG and/or its metabolites in plasma and urine but that further research would be necessary before any of these options ... |
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| Shower Water Recycle 2. Health Considerations |
DEC 90 |
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| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Daryl W. Nelson; Stephen A. Schaub; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Shower waste water characterization and efficacy of treatment for recycle are reviewed. Use of a synthetic shower water for treatability studies is suggested, and treatment performance of ERDLator-type equipment is estimated. Significant health concerns and research needs are identified. The ability of a soldier to shower, bathe or perform other acts of personal hygiene in a combat setting may significantly enhance health and morale in an adverse situation. However, it ... |
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| Optimum Disinfection Properties and Commercially Available Disinfectants |
JUL 89 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Richard M. Carnevale; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Draft criteria were developed for a hypothetical ideal field drinking water disinfectant and submitted for ranking to 18 agencies of the Department of Defense and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The consensus placed health considerations first, with efficacy, palatability, and stability next and of approximately equal rank. Candidate replacements for calcium hypochlorite (HTH) were taken from a list of approved drinking water disinfectants provided by the USEPA Office of ... |
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| Shower Water Recycle. 3. Microfiltration Studies |
APR 89 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Mark O. Schmidt; Richard M. Carnevale; Lauren A. Berneski; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| The U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory has investigated the use of polypropylene hollow fiber crossflow filtration cartridges for treatment of shower waters for recycle. Although the membrane has a nominal pore size of 0.2 micron, consistent removals of 60-90 percent of total organic carbon (TOC) and better than 99 percent of turbidity have been achieved from synthetic shower water containing 50 to 100 mg/L of TOC as soap. ... |
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| Shower Water Recycle. 1. Raw Shower Water Characterization and Treatment |
FEB 89 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Mark O. Schmidt; Richard M. Carnevale; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Shower wastewaters collected at Camp Edwards, MA, on three different days were characterized in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters, and were found to be similar to shower wastewaters from earlier studies. Camp Edwards shower waters were found treated with aluminum sulfate and powdered activated carbon, and were filtered through a bench-scale diatomaceous earth filter designed to simulate the EARDLator. The treated shower water has been characterized and evaluated ... |
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| Recommended Field Drinking Water Criteria for Chemical Agent Sulfur Mustard |
DEC 88 |
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| Authors:
Jack C. Dacre; W. D. Burrows; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Drinking water criteria have been derived from the chemical agent sulfur mustard, HD bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide for the protection of human health and specifically for the health of the soldier in the field. Criteria have been calculated for a daily intake of both 5L and 15L over a maximum period of 7 days, using the basic formula proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The no-observable-effect-level (NOEL) was determined from the available ... |
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| Photochemistry of Aqueous Nitroguanidine |
JUN 1988 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Mark O. Schmidt; Ralph H. Chyrek; Charles I. Noss; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Production of nitroguanidine at Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant (SFAAP), DeSoto, KS, is associated with a number of waste streams with quite different characteristics. Initial studies by the U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory have been directed toward physical chemical treatment of wastewater containing relatively low levels (less than 100 mg/L) of guanidine and nitroguanidine. Ultraviolet photolysis was investigated as an alternative to granular activated carbon adsorption for removal of ... |
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| Tertiary Treatment of Effluent from Holston AAP (Army Ammunition Plant) Industrial Liquid Waste Treatment Facility. V. Degradation of Nitramines in Holston AAP Wastewaters by Ultraviolet Radiation |
SEP 86 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Ernst E. Brueggemann; ARMY MEDICAL BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Samples of Holston Army Ammunition Plant wastewater taken from the B- line, the neutralization basin, the anoxic filter effluent, and the treatment plant final effluent have been treated for removal of nitramines (RDX, HMX, TAX< and SEX) by ultraviolet radiation. An energy requirement of 1.76 watt-hr per gallon of plant effulent is estimated for destruction of all nitramines to their detection limits, corresponding to a uniform annual cost of approximately ... |
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| Biological Treatment of Composition B Wastewaters. 1. Rotating Biological Contactor |
SEP 86 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; Mark O. Schmidt; ARMY MEDICAL BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| A pilot-scale rotating biological contractor (RBC) was used to treat wastewaters from explosives production at Holston Army Ammunition Plant. At hydraulic loadings up to the system maximum of 1.1 gal/min-ft2, COD removals of 80 to 90 percent and BOD5 removals of nearly 100 percent were achieved from late spring to mid-autumn, 1985. The RBC was able to accommodate abrupt changes in loading and temperature, but performance degraded substantially with the ... |
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| Evaluation of Industrial Liquid Waste Plant Design at Holston Army Ammunition Plant. Phase I. Part 1 |
SEP 84 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
R. P. Carnahan; P. Marsack; W. D. Burrows; ARMY MEDICAL BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Design of the Industrial Liquid Waste Treatment Plant (ILWTP) at Holston Army Ammunition Plant has been assessed with respect to removal of conventional pollutants and inorganic nitrogen. Computer simulation of the ILWTP, supported by some very preliminary operating data, indicates that the Facility will meet NPDES criteria for BOD and nitrogen, and that is is capable of sustaining any expected upsets without exceeding permit criteria. Originator- supplied keywords include: Activiated ... |
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| Tertiary Treatment of Effluent from Holston AAP (Army Ammunition Plant) Industrial Liquid Waste Treatment Facility. 3. Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Studies. TNT, RDX, HMX, TAX, and SEX |
NOV 1983 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; ARMY MEDICAL BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Destruction of TNT, RDX, HMX, TAX, and SEX by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and by ozone has been studied in the batch mode. Ultraviolet radiation alone is effective for removal of the nitramines, but not TNT, while ozone alone does not react readily with any of the munitions. Combined UV-ozone treatment is effective for destruction of TNT. An analysis of power requirements suggests that UV treatment in the tertiary mode may ... |
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| Tertiary Treatment of Effluent from Holston AAP (Army Ammunition Plant) Industrial Liquid Waste Treatment Facility. II. Corona Oxidation Studies: TNT, RDX, HMX, TAX, and SEX |
AUG 1983 |
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| Authors:
E. A. Kobylinski; W. D. Burrows; ARMY MEDICAL BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Destruction of TNT, RDX, HMX, TAX, and SEX in aqueous solution by corona oxidation has been studied in the batch mode. The munition compounds are individually degraded by the Innova process within a 2-hour time period and can be effectively degraded in a multicomponent system. Degradation products were not identified, but evidence is presented for both oxidation and reduction processes. |
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| Problem Definition Studies on Potential Environmental Pollutants. 6. Preliminary Assessment of Environmental Effects of Seven Substances Used in Pyrotechnic Compositions at Pine Bluff Arsenal |
NOV 79 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
W. D. Burrows; J. C. Dacre; D. R. Cogley; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| The U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, formerly the Office of the Project Manager for Chemical Demilitarization and Installation Restoration, has identified an initial list of substances (Table 1) requiring assessment because of their historical presence at Pine Bluff Arsenal (PBA), Arkansas and their potential presence outside the boundaries of the arsenal. Prior to initiating this problem definition study, careful consideration was given to each substance and a revised ... |
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