A one-dimensional fluid model for a coupled system of klystron output cavities is developed. The model is exercised for both realistic and optimized beam current modulation waveforms, and the rf conversion efficiency is calculated. An optimized second harmonic velocity modulation and associated current modulation are calculated and inputted into the cavity simulation. Optimum bunching lengths and rf conversion efficiencies are determined.
The circuit equations are constructed and solved for a simple resonant (single-pole) circuit and a dual-resonance (double-pole) capacitor charging system. Design equations are derived from the solutions. As an example, a command charging system for a capacitor is designed, with detailed equations given for the inductor and transformer analysis; an evaluation of suitable commercially available thyristors and capacitors is also provided.
The interference modulator (IM) is a microwave source concept that can produce a broadband, amplitude modulated radio frequency (rf) waveform with independently tunable carrier and modulation frequencies. In its simplest form, the IM is a two-channel device that can produce an amplitude modulated signal at 50-percent duty by either generating and beating two electromagnetic waves together in the far field or by combining the two signals with a four-port hybrid ...
Photons from nuclear radiation are absorbed by fiber optics and the material of the fibers have their energy levels elevated causing fluorescence. The fluorescence is a noise component which interferes with light signals axially passing through the fiber optics. By using a narrow bandwidth interference optical filter, centered about the communication frequency, the noise interference may be substantially reduced so that an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. A tuned optical ...
Experimental results show that the ion beam generated by a simple reflex triode can be geometrically focussed, yielding an order of magnitude increase in current density (1.1 kA/sq cm) over a comparable nonfocussing triode geometry. Details are given for shaping the anode and cathode surfaces so that significant focussing can be achieved. (Author)
Experimental results show that the ion beam generated by a simple reflex triode can be made almost totally unidirectional toward the virtual cathode. This flow is accomplished by constructing the triode so that a controlled surface flashover generates plasma on only one side of the dielectric anode foil. (Author)
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