The evaporation of sulfur mustard from sand was studied as a function of temperature, drop size and air flow rate, using the same instrumentation as prior studies on glass. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed; and an empirical equation was determined that would allow for the calculation of the evaporation rate given the environmental conditions.
The evaporation of sulfur mustard (HD) from glass was studied as a function of temperature, drop size, and airflow rate. The evaporation rate was measured by collecting the HD vapor using thermal desorption tubes that were connected to the wind tunnel. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed. Five different wind tunnels were used, and it was possible to fit all of the data generated ...
The C13 and P31 SSMAS NMR were used to study the degradation of HD, GD, and VX on a mesoporous and a microporous carbon fiber textile. The degradation of HD was faster than on ambient sand, concrete, limestone, and asphalt, and comparable to moist sand, concrete, limestone, and asphalt, forming toxic H-2TG and non-toxic TDG. The HD absorbed on both fiber textiles. The VX degradation rate on the carbon fiber ...
The reactivity, rate, and products for sulfur mustard were measured on ambient and moist concrete using C13 solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (SSMAS NMR). Three samples of concrete made by the same formulation, but differing in age and alkalinity, were used. A portion of sulfur mustard directly formed 8 to 31% vinyl moieties on the newer, more alkaline concrete sample. The balance of the sulfur mustard degraded to thiodiglycol and ...
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