| Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Interim Report 3 |
SEP 2003 |
382 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Thomas F. Jenkins; Guy Ampleman; Sonia Thiboutot; James M. Brannon; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
 | Sustainment of training to maintain the readiness of our armed forces requires stewardship of human health and the environment. The objective of this project, initiated in FYOO and planned for completion in FYO5, was to determine the potential for environmental contamination from residues of energetic materials on ranges. This report describes accomplishments for FYO2. A U.S. and a Canadian site were characterized for explosives residues resulting from live- fire soldier ... |
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| Development of Sediment Extracts for Rapid Assessment of Organic Contaminant Bioavailability |
APR 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia Price; LAura Inouye; James M. Brannon; Victor McFarland; Charolett Hayes; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note describes the development of sediment extraction procedures for evaluating the bioaccumulation potential of non-polar organic contaminants from dredged material. Potential approaches are described and the experimental procedure of the sediment extraction approach for assessing bioavailability is outlined. |
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| Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Interim Report 2 |
OCT 2002 |
141 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Thomas F. Jenkins; Guy Ampleman; Sonia Thiboutot; James M. Brannon; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Testing and training ranges are essential to maintaining the readiness of the Armed Forces of the United States and Canada. Recently, concerns have arisen over potential environmental contamination from residues of energetic materials at impact ranges. The current state of knowledge concerning the nature, extent, and fate of contamination is inadequate to ensure sound management of ranges as sustainable resources. This project was designed to develop techniques for assessing the ... |
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| Environmental Fate and Transport Process Descriptors for Explosives |
MAY 2002 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Waste disposal practices associated with military production of weapons, especially before and during World War II, have resulted in significant contamination of soils and ground water with high explosives such as 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Development of remediation and risk management strategies for these contaminated sites as well as development of approaches for sustainable use of active training and weapons testing sites require an understanding of ... |
|
| Adsorption and Transformation of RDX in Low-Carbon Aquifer Soils |
AUG 2001 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia B. Price; James M. Brannon; Sally L. Yost; Charolett A. Hayes; CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC
|
| Disposal operations from the manufacturing process of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) have resulted in the contamination of soil and groundwater at many active and inactive munitions sites. Natural attenuation of these compounds is one option for addressing site cleanup. The potential for this option to be successful in low-carbon aquifer soils is dependant upon the ability of these soils to adsorb and transform explosives. Therefore, ... |
|
| Adsorption and Transformation of Explosives in Low-Carbon Aquifer Soils |
SEP 2000 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia B. Price; James M. Brannon; Sally L. Yost; Charolett A. Hayes; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Disposal operations from the manufacturing processes of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranito-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) have resulted in the contamination of soil and groundwater at many active and inactive munitions sites. One option to be investigated for site cleanup is natural attenuation of these contaminants. The potential success of this option depends upon the ability of low-carbon aquifer materials to adsorb and transform explosive contaminants. Therefore, an understanding of ... |
|
| Procedures for Determining Integrity of UXO and Explosives Soil Contamination at Firing Ranges |
JUL 2000 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Thomas F. Jenkins; Louisa V. Parker; Patrick Deliman; Jeffrey A. Gerald; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
|
| Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) is military munitions that have been prepared for action, fired, dropped, or buried, and remain undetonated, posing a hazard to operations, personnel, or material The 1997 UXO Clearance Report to Congress estimates that millions of square meters (acres) throughout the United States, including 1,900 Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) and 130 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) installations, potentially contain UXO implementation ... |
|
| Draft Protocol for Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing Monitored Natural Attenuation at Explosives-Contaminated Sites |
SEP 1999 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Richard Bowen; James M. Brannon; Mansour Zakikhani; Danny W. Harreison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Environmental remediation technology is evolving toward less expensive, less intrusive, and longer term solutions. Natural attenuation may be a suitable remedial alternative for sites where protection of human health and the environment can be demonstrated through natural processes without active intervention. The objective of this protocol is to provide appropriate guidance for natural attenuation as a remedial solution at explosives-contaminated sites. The protocol includes general considerations of regulatory and technical ... |
|
| Conceptual Model and Process Descriptor Formulations for Fate and Transport of UXO |
FEB 1999 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Patrick Deliman; Carlos Ruiz; Cynthia Price; Mohammed Qasim; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Primary release mechanisms for explosives from UXO are identified and conceptual models for UXO fate and transport were developed for the upland and aquatic environments. The state of development for explosives release mechanisms and process descriptor formulations for fate and transport of explosives from UXO were investigated and important data gaps were identified. The most extensive data gaps are associated with source term, which encompasses the ... |
|
| Laboratory Studies of Soil Sorption/ Transformation of TNT, RDX, and HMX |
SEP 1998 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; Dan M. Townsend; William M. Davis; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Subsurface contamination by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TM), 2,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and oxyhydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine (HMx) is a problem at many military installations associated with munitions manufacturing, loading, assembling, and packing. To support Department of Defense remediation and containment goals, information on the processes affecting the subsurface transport of these explosives is needed. Specifically, information pertaining to sorption and transformation of these explosives is needed in order to ... |
|
| Transformation of RDX and HMX Under Controlled Eh/pH Conditions |
APR 1998 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia B. Price; James M. Brannon; Sally L. Yost; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The presence of hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 1, 3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in soil and groundwater can present serious environmental problems. An understanding of the processes that control the mobility and transformation of RDX and HMX in soils and water is needed in order to fully evaluate any problems with release of these explosives. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of redox potential (Eh) and pH on RDX ... |
|
| Thermal Desorption VOC Sampler: Improvements and Field Trial Performance (Dover AFB) |
JAN 98 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Karen F. Myers; James M. Brannon; Richard A. Karn; Cynthia B. Price; Dan Y. Eng; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| A thermal desorption volatile organic compound sampler developed for the site characterization penetrometer system program was successfully field tested at Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE. The device was evaluated as an in situ soil sampler in the vadose, capillary, and saturated zones and as a soil vapor sampler in the vadose zone. Comparisons to validation samples are made. |
|
| Abiotic and Biotic TNT Transformations |
SEP 97 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Cynthia B. Price; Charolett A. Hayes; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Cleanup of soils and groundwater contaminated with the explosive TNT is a major concern. Interpretation of fate processes, especially equilibrium partitioning, is confounded by the ready transformation of TNT to mono and diamino products. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the presence of the Fe+2 abiotic reduction pathway in soils, investigate the pH dependence of the process, and investigate the relationship between aerobic TNT transformations and soil components. ... |
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| Organic Matter Quality and Partitioning of Polychlorinated Biphenyls |
AUG 1997 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; William M. Davis; Victor A. McFarland; Charolett Hayes; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Over the past 10 years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has pursued development of single-chemical sediment quality criteria (SQC) . Equilibrium partitioning of neutral organic chemicals between the organic carbon fraction of bedded sediments and the interstitial water of the sediments provides the theoretical basis for the most popular approach to development of SQC. The solution phase of the chemical in equilibrium with the sediment ... |
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| Review of Fate and Transport Processes of Explosives |
MAR 97 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Tommy E. Myers; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Exposure assessment and risk management of explosives-contaminated soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater require knowledge of the fate and effects of explosives and their transformation products in the environment. Most of the information available on fate and transport of explosives is for the subsurface environment. The information available for the subsurface shows that transformation and sorption are two of the most important environmental processes affecting the fate and transport of ... |
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| Leachate Testing and Evaluation for Estuarine Sediments. Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations Program |
MAR 96 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; Barbara A. Tardy; Dan M. Townsend; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Contaminated dredged material is sometimes placed in confined disposal facilities (CDFs) where the potential for movement of contaminants to groundwater and surrounding surface water by leaching is an important environmental concern. Column leach tests have been developed as laboratory- scale physical models of contaminant leaching in a CDF that include advective- dispersive and other mass transfer effects. Column leach tests are recommended for predicting leachate quality in CDFs containing estuarine ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Lower Limits of Organic Carbon Normalization: Results of Fish/Sediment/Water Equilibrium Partitioning Studies |
MAR 96 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Victor A. McFarland; Michael E. Honeycutt; Jane Feldhaus; Louis N. Ace; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note reports the initial results of studies measuring biota/ sediment/water equilibrium partitioning of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener. The focus of this technical note is on the validity of normalizing concentrations of neutral organic chemicals on sediment total organic carbon (TOC) when sediment TOC concentrations are low. Over the past 10 years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has aggressively pursued development of single-chemical sediment quality criteria (SQC). ... |
|
| Transformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Under Controlled Eh/pH conditions |
SEP 95 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Cynthia B. Price; James M. Brannon; Charlotte A. Hayes; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| The presence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil and groundwater can present serious environmental problems. The processes that control the mobility and transformation of TNT in these environments are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of redox potential (Eh) and pH on the transformation of TNT. Soil components responsible for the transformation of TNT were also investigated. Laboratory investigations included testing at four different ... |
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| Laboratory Evaluation of a Volatile Organic Compound Analysis System for the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System |
SEP 95 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Karen F. Myers; James M. Brannon; Richard A. Karn; Cynthia B. Price; Dan Y. Eng; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Conventional subsurface contaminant mapping technology requiring borings and laboratory analysis of soil samples is time-consuming, expensive, and often results in inadequate descriptions of contaminant plumes. Adaptation of advanced chemical techniques to cone penetrometer technology provides a means for real time detection and mapping of contamination in the subsurface. An in situ volatile organic compound sampling system to detect ppb levels of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes) and ... |
|
| Fluoranthene K DOC in Sediment Pore Waters |
JUL 1995 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; William M. Davis; Charolett Hayes; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This note describes laboratory testing conducted to examine the partitioning of fluoranthene to dissolved organic carbon in the pore water of sediments. |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Fluoranthene Kappa (sub DOC) in Sediment Pore Waters |
JUL 95 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; William M. Davis; Charolett Hayes; Robert M. Engler; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This note describes laboratory testing conducted to examine the partitioning of fluoranthene to dissolved organic carbon in the pore water of sediments. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to develop and implement sediment quality criteria (SQC) under Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act. Under this authority the EPA is proceeding with development of SQC for nonpolar organic compounds and metals. A major assumption in the current approach ... |
|
| Leachate Testing and Evaluation for Freshwater Sediments. Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations Program |
APR 94 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Tommy E. Myers; Barbara A. Tardy; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Contaminated dredged material is sometimes placed in confined disposal facilities (CDFs) where the potential for movement of contaminants to groundwater and surrounding surface water by leaching is an important environmental concern. Researchers at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station have investigated two types of laboratory leach tests, batch and column. A sequential batch leach test (SBLT) has been developed to provide a short-term laboratory test that describes the distribution ... |
|
| Evaluation of Upland Disposal of Richmond Harbor, California, Sediment from Santa Fe Channel |
JUL 93 |
228 pages |
| Authors:
Charles R. Lee; Dennis L. Brandon; Henry E. Tatem; John G. Skogerboe; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This report describes testing and evaluation performed by the Environmental Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) on sediment from the Santa Fe Channel of Richmond Harbor, California. Test protocols from the Corps' Management Strategy for Disposal of Dredged Material were used in the present evaluation to determine the potential for migration of contaminants into the effluent, surface runoff, and leachates at an undetermined upland disposal site. ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging: Synopsis of Hamlet City Lake, North Carolina, and San Francisco Bay Area, California, Sediment Leaching Studies |
FEB 93 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; Robert M. Engler; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This note summarizes results from six laboratory leaching studies conducted on contaminated sediments. Laboratory batch and column leach tests were conducted on sediments from Hamlet City Lake, Hamlet, North Carolina; Inner and Outer Oakland Harbor, Oakland, California; Santa Fe Channel (Richmond Harbor), Oakland; and West Richmond and Pinole Shoal reaches of the J. F. Baldwin Channel, Oakland. These studies were conducted for the U.S. Army Engineer Districts, Wilmington and San ... |
|
| New Technique for Sediment/Organism Equilibrium Partitioning Studies |
DEC 1992 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Victor A. McFarland; Jane Feldhaus; Louis N. Ace; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Sediment Quality Criteria (SQC) based on EqP are under development by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A stated purpose of SQC is the regulation of dredged material disposal. Long-term Effects of Dredging Operations (LEDO) Work Unit 32571, Relationships Between Sediment Geochemistry and Biological Effects, is researching methods to characterize the interactions between geochemical and physicochemical processes and contaminant uptake in, and effects on, aquatic organisms. ... |
|
| The Koc of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in Sediment |
DEC 1992 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; Charolett Hayes; Victor McFarland; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Sediment organic carbon has been identified as the most important factor controlling partitioning of nonpolar organic contaminants between sediment and water (Karickhoff 1981). Studies have also shown that partitioning of nonpolar organic compounds is strongly related to the octanol-water partitioning coefficient of the compound (Karickhoff 1981). Sediment concentrations expressed on a total organic carbon (TOC) basis have been used to predict concentrations of nonpolar organic ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. New Technique for Sediment/Organism Equilibrium Partitioning Studies |
DEC 92 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Victor A. McFarland; Jane Feldhaus; Louis N. Ace; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Equilibrium partitioning (EqP) studies on bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in aquatic organisms typically require long-term exposures. In the case of highly hydrophobic neutral organic chemicals, such as polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and dibenzofurans, exposures of up to 6 months have been used (Pruell and others 1990). During long-term laboratory exposures, changes can occur in the condition of both organism and sediment. Sediments can be depleted of the bioavailable fraction of ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. The K (sub oc) of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in Sediment |
DEC 92 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; Charolett Hayes; Victor McFarland; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This technical note describes testing conducted to determine the partitioning of contaminants between sediment organic carbon and sediment interstitial water, assess the effects of sediment organic carbon upon K(oc) of selected PCBs and fluoranthene, and investigate the effect of time of contact between contaminants and sediment upon the value of K(oc). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is authorized to develop and implement sediment quality criteria (SQC) under section 304(a) of ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging Program: Leachate Testing of Hamlet City Lake, North Carolina, Sediment |
NOV 92 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Tommey E. Myers; Cynthia B. Price; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Sediment leaching studies of Hamlet City Lake, Hamlet, NC, were conducted in laboratories at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. The purpose of these studies was to provide quantitative information on the potential for leachate impacts on groundwaters if dredged material from Hamlet City Lake were placed in a confined disposal facility (CDF) or under disposal conditions similar to land-farming. The study involved three elements: batch leach tests, column ... |
|
| Recent Developments in Leachate Testing and Evaluation. Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations Program |
AUG 92 |
|
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; Cynthia B. Price; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
 | Laboratory studies of sediment leaching are being conducted at the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. The purpose of these studies is to develop laboratory tests and data interpretation algorithms for predicting leachate quality in confined disposal facilities (CDFs) for dredged material. Leachate quality predictions are needed for evaluation of potential impacts of leachate seepage on foundation soils and groundwater. Two types of laboratory leach tests are under investigation, ... |
|
| Water Quality Studies in the Upper Watershed of Steele Bayou, Mississippi |
NOV 91 |
|
| Authors:
Steven L. Ashby; Thomas C. Sturgis; Cynthia B. Price; James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Sediment and water quality sampling was conducted during a 1-year period at several locations in the watershed of Steele Bayou, Mississippi, to describe spatial and temporal trends. Physicochemical and biological water quality parameters displayed dynamic distribution patterns that were attributed to influences of hydrologic event, channel morphometry, hydrology, and local land use. Influences of hydrologic events were most obvious, with elevated concentrations of suspended material coincident with precipitation and runoff ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Influence of Sediment Properties on Bioaccumulation Potential of PCBs: Field Studies at the Calumet Confined Disposal Facility |
NOV 91 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Charles H. Lutz; James M. Brannon; Francis J. Reilly Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The Calumet confined disposal facility (CDF) (Figure 1) is roughly triangular in shape, covers 43 acres, and was designed to hold 1.45 million cu yd of dredged material. The CDF was formed by a stone-filled dike with a core of prepared limestone. A synthetic membrane lines the entire interior face with a blanket of silty sand overlying the liner to create a barrier of low permeability (Dorkin and others 1988). ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Interim Results: The Relationship between Sediment Organic Carbon and Biological Uptake of Contaminants |
NOV 91 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Cynthia B. Price; Francis J. Reilly Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This technical note describes testing conducted to determine the partitioning of contaminants between sediment organic carbon and sediment interstitial water, assess the effects of sediment organic carbon upon bioaccumulation of a selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) by two organisms, and investigate the accuracy of the apparent preference factor as a predictive tool by comparing predicted uptake with actual uptake. |
|
| Technical Considerations for Application of Leach Tests to Sediments andDredged Material |
OCT 1991 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This note summarizes the characteristics of and differences among laboratory leach tests used for preproject evaluation of leachate quality in confined disposal facilities (CDFs) for dredged material. The guidance provided in this note is based on ongoing research conducted under the Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations (LEDO) Program. |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Technical Considerations for Application of Leach Tests to Sediments and Dredged Material |
OCT 91 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This note summarizes the characteristics of and differences among laboratory leach tests used for preproject evaluation of leachate quality in confined disposal facilities (CDFs) for dredged material. The guidance provided in this note is based on ongoing research conducted under the Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations (LEDO) Program. (MM) |
|
| Water Quality Research Program: Studies on the Adsorption/Desorption and Microbial Mobilization of Contaminants from Sediments in Corps of Engineers Reservoir Projects |
JUL 91 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunson; Thomas C. Sturgis; Judith C. Pennington; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Laboratory studies were conducted to meet three recommendations developed in a previous technical report on sediment-water interactions and contaminants in Corps of Engineers reservoir projects (Technical Report E-89-2). Each of three aspects of sediment-water interaction are addressed in a separate part of the report. These investigations include examination of the effects of adsorption kinetics, oxidation status of suspended sediments in the water column, and sediment concentration on interactions of trace ... |
|
| Long-Term Effects of Dredging Operations Program. Effects of Sediment Organic Matter Composition on Bioaccumulation of Sediment Organic Contaminants: Interim Results |
JUN 91 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Cynthia B. Price; Francis J. Reilly; Judith C. Pennington; Victor A. McFarland; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The relationship of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 153 and fluoranthene to bioaccumulation by worms and clams and the relationship of sediment-bound PCB 153 and fluoranthene to concentrations in the interstitial water were examined. Bioaccumulation by both worms and clams was observed in all sediments. Apparent preference factor (APF) values showed that steady state was reached between sediment-bound contaminants and organism lipid pools. The APF values of organisms were close to ... |
|
| Factors Affecting the Behavior of Metals in Leachate. Environmental Effects of Dredging Technical Notes |
DEC 1990 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Tommy E. Myers; Cynthia B. Price; Robert M. Engler; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Factors Affecting the Behavior of Metals in Leachate |
DEC 90 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Tommy E. Myers; Cynthia B. Price; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This technical note describes factors affecting batch leaching of metals from dredged material. Factors evaluated include time of sediment-water contact, sediment salinity regime, and sediment oxidation status. (AN) |
|
| Comprehensive Analysis of Migration Pathways (CAMP): Contaminant Migration Pathways at Confined Dredged Material Disposal Facilities |
SEP 90 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; Douglas Gunnison; Tommy E. Myers; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| A confined disposal facility (CDF) is a diked enclosure having either permeable or low-permeable walls that are used to retain dredged material solids. There are two types of CDFs are located within the influence of normal tidal or other water fluctuations. This report identifies and documents key contaminant mobility processes and pathways operative in CDFs under varying operational and environmental conditions. It also summarizes what is known about contaminant migration, ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging: PCB Volatilization from Dredged Material, Indiana Harbor, Indiana |
SEP 90 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jay A. Semmler; James M. Brannon; Tommy E. Myers; Robert M. Engler; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| This note summarizes the theory and application of a model to predict the mass loss of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from dredged material through volatilization. A comparison to other contaminant pathways is presented for both in-lake and upland disposal. Background Contaminated sediments placed in a confined disposal facility (CDF) provide the potential for volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) to be released through volatilization. Theoretical models have been developed to describe the physical ... |
|
| Procedures for Examining the Relationship Between Sediment Geochemistry and Biological Impacts of Contaminants |
DEC 1989 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Victor McFarland; Judith C. Pennington; Cynthia B. Price; Francis J. Reilley Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This note describes the development of procedures for examining the relationship between sediment geochemistry and biological impacts of contaminants. These relationships are illustrated by implementation of procedures In a laboratory experiment to assess the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contaminated sediment on bioaccumulation in estuarine clams. |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Procedures for Examining the Relationship Between Sediment Geochemistry and Biological Impacts of Contaminants |
DEC 89 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Victor McFarland; Judith C. Pennington; Cynthia B. Price; Francis J. Reilley Jr; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The relationship between sediment-bound contaminants and biological uptake of these contaminants is complex because of the many physical, chemical, and biological factors that can affect the relationship (McElroy and Means 1988) . Operational and procedural problems encountered in determining how a sediment- associated contaminant affects aquatic organisms cause additional complications. If sediment quality criteria (SQC) are to be used to regulate dredged material disposal, prediction of biological responses based on ... |
|
| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Factors Affecting Leachate Quality |
DEC 89 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Judith C. Pennington; Tommy E. Myers; Cynthia B. Price; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This technical note describes factors affecting leachate quality for dredged material in confined disposal facilities (CDFs). Factors evaluated include desorption kinetics, sediment concentration, and association of PCBs with soluble and colloidal organic matter. (MM) |
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| Sediment-Water Interactions and Contaminants in Corps of Engineers Reservoir Projects |
JUL 89 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Gunnison; James M. Brannon; Aaron L. Mills; Linda K. Blum; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Contaminants in Corps of Engineers (CE) reservoir and waterway projects have caused problems in the past. The potential for these contaminants to cause additional problems has increased as more sophisticated water quality sampling programs and analyses have been adopted by field offices. Contaminant- sediment-water interactions are major mechanisms determining contaminate levels in project waters and availability to contaminants for biological uptake. This report examines the literature on sediment-water interactions and ... |
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| New Bedford Harbor Superfund Project, Acushnet River Estuary Engineering Feasibility Study of Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal Alternatives. Report 5. Evaluation of Leachate Quality |
APR 89 |
171 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| State-of-the-art batch and column leach tests were conducted on anaerobic and aerobic New Bedford Harbor sediment. Batch testing included kinetic tests to determine the time required for dissolved contaminant concentrations to stabilize in batch tests, liquid-to-solids ratio tests to determine the appropriate liquid-to-solids ratio to use in batch tests, and sequential batch leach tess to obtain desorption isotherms and determine distribution coefficients. Column leach tests were conducted in divided-flow parameters ... |
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| Analyses of Impacts of Bottom Sediments from Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal on Water Quality |
FEB 89 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Douglas Gunnison; Daniel E. Averett; James L. Martin; Rex L. Chen; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The influence of polluted bottom sediments on the quality of water in the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal (GCR/IHC) was investigated. The approach used consisted of obtaining and analyzing existing information on sediment-water interactions and their relationship to water quality, methods for estimating impacts of sediment-water interactions on water quality, and sediment and water quality data for the GCR/IHC system. To understand the role of sediment as a source of ... |
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| Synthesis of Leaching Research and Workshop Results |
NOV 1988 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This technical note briefly describes the results of recent studies conducted to evaluate leachate quality for dredged material in confined disposal facilities (CDFs). Directions for future research from a workshop on development of leach tests for contaminated dredged material conducted in Baton Rouge, LA, on June 23-24, 1988 are also provided. |
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| Environmental Effects of Dredging. Synthesis of Leaching Research and Workshop Results |
NOV 88 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This technical note briefly describes the results of recent studies conducted to evaluate leachate quality for dredged material in confined disposal facilities (CDFs). Directions for future research from a workshop on development of leach tests for contaminated dredged material conducted in Baton Rouge, LA, on June 23-24, 1988 are also provided. (MM) |
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| Dredging Operations Technical Support Program: Development and Application of Techniques for Predicting Leachate Quality in Confined Disposal Facilities. Background and Theory |
FEB 88 |
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| Authors:
Donald O. Hill; Tommy E. Myers; James M. Brannon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| A theoretical framework for predicting leachate quality in confined disposal facilities was developed using mass transport theory. The physical- chemical processes governing leaching were identified and described mathematically. Various approaches to describing contaminant transfer form the dredged material solids to the aqueous phase were considered, including equilibrium concepts, dissolution kinetics, intraparticle diffusion, and film effects. The approach recommended for application to dredged material uses an operationally defined distribution (partitioning) coefficient ... |
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