| Soil Moisture Determinations Using Capacitance Probe Methodology |
JAN 1998 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald T. Atkins; Timothy Pangburn; Roy E. Bates; Bruce E. Brockett; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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 | Determining soil moisture content by measuring the dielectric constant of the soil is not a new concept. However, determining the dielectric constant by measuring capacitance directly rather than through the use of time domain reflectometry (TDR) systems is a relatively new approach to soil moisture measurements. A unique probe assembly and a readout device that measures voltage drop and phase shift were developed and used for direct capacitance measurements. The ... |
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| Estimated Snow Parameters for Vehicle Mobility Modeling in Korea, Germany and Interior Alaska |
SEP 95 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Horrigan; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Snow is a crucial factor affecting the U.S. Army's operations in cold regions. Values for snow depth and snow density are needed for vehicle mobility studies, but unfortunately the available historical records of these parameters tend to be relatively sparse. This report deals with the estimation of snow density and snow depth from readily available parameters such as air temperature and wind speed. As a basis for further study, the ... |
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| Ice Thickness Observations, North American Arctic and Subarctic, 1972-73 and 1973-74 |
DEC 91 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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 | This eighth in a series of reports on lake and river ice and land- fast sea ice presents ice thickness measurements observed throughout the North American Arctic and subarctic during the 1972-73 and 1973-74 winter seasons. Information on surface ice conditions, dates of first ice, freeze-over and breakup, and detailed measurements of ice thickness across Alaskan rivers are also included. Some reports from the Alaska National Guard network on ice ... |
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| Winter Environment of the Ohio River Valley |
DEC 90 |
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| Authors:
Steven F. Daly; Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| A general survey of the winter environment of the Ohio River Valley that is relevant to river ice formation is described. Included are hydrology, topography, hydraulics and climatic conditions. The long-term monthly discharges steadily increases on the Ohio River throughout the winter season. Inspection of the charges for each day shows that it has a large short term variability during the winter, with peaks being four to six times the ... |
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| Snow Cover and Meteorology at Allagash, Maine, 1977-1980 |
JUN 1983 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| A complete meteorological field station and a snow survey network were set up in the Allagash River Watershed to record baseline conditions prior to construction of the proposed Dickey-Lincoln Dam in the upper St. John River Basin in Allagash, Maine. Nearly three years of daily data (Oct 1977-May 1980) are summarized and compared to long-term climatic conditions for nearby National Weather SErvice stations. Air temperature values for Allagash are similar ... |
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| Analysis of Ice Jams and Their Meteorological Indicators for Three Winters on the Ottauquechee River, Vermont, |
FEB 1981 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; Mary-Lynn Brown; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Meteorological data are presented for nearby National Weather Service Co-Operative Stations as well as for CRREL sites on the Ottauquechee River. The severity of each winter is discussed, as are the effects of a heavy rainfall on a high water-equivalent snow cover. The resultant runoff and subsequent ice jamming that occurs is discussed. Continuous monitoring of water temperature before, during and immediately after an ice cover formed on the river ... |
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| Winter Thermal Structure, Ice Conditions and Climate of Lake Champlain, |
JAN 1980 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Winter thermal structure and ice conditions in the land-fast ice cover of Lake Champlain were studied in detail for the winters of 1975-76 and 1976-77. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors attached to an ice mooring system and connected to a data logger at Shelburne Point, Vermont, during the winter of 1975-76 and at Gordon Landing on Grand Isle, ... |
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| Lake Champlain Ice Formation and Ice Free Dates and Predictions from Meteorological Indicators, |
NOV 1979 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; Mary-Lynn Brown; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| A 19-year record of the annual closing and opening dates of operation of the Lake Champlain ferry at Grand Isle, Vermont, which are controlled by the lake's ice cover, was made available to CRREL. These navigation records accurately approximated the freeze-over and breakup dates for the ferry crossing area between Gordon Landing, Vermont, and Cumberland Head, New York. When compared statistically with water temperature and climatological data for the same ... |
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| Utilization of Sewage Sludge for Terrain Stabilization in Cold Regions. Part II. |
AUG 1979 |
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| Authors:
David A. Gaskin; Antonio J. Palazzo; Susan D. Rindge; Roy E. Bates; Leonard E. Stanley; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| From June 1975 to September 1976, a research/demonstration study was conducted at CRREL in Hanover, New Hampshire, to investigate the use of sewage sludge, commercial fertilizer and cultivation techniques for Terrain stabilization in cold regions. Twenty-seven test plots on a 16 degrees west-facing slope received various combinations of: (1) surface preparation (tilling, bulldozer tracking, or compacting), (2) nutrient source (sewage sludge or fertilizer), (3) mulching agent (wood fiber mulch or ... |
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| Climatic Survey at CRREL in Association with the Land Treatment Project. |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| During 1972, six test cells were constructed at CRREL for the purpose of studying application of wastewater on various soil types and vegetation. In conjunction with this program, a meteorological observing station was established in order to obtain basic information on the climate proximate to the test cells. This report describes the equipment and its installation, and provides a daily tabulation of the following observed parameters: maximum and minimum air ... |
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| Utilization of Sewage Sludge for Terrain Stabilization in Cold Regions. Part 1. |
NOV 1977 |
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| Authors:
David A. Gaskin; Wayne Hannel; Antonio J. Palazzo; Roy E. Bates; Leonard E. Stanley; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| A terrain stabilization research/demonstration site was constructed in May 1974 at Hanover, New Hampshire, to investigate various combinations of physical, chemical and biological techniques for terrain stabilization in cold regions. Fourteen test plots (10 x 40 ft) with individual 350-gal. tanks to collect sediment were installed on a 16-deg slope. These 14 test plots were to examine the effectiveness of sewage sludge and primary effluent on terrain stabilization in cold ... |
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| Winter Thermal Structure and Ice Conditions on Lake Champlain, Vermont, |
JUN 1976 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| During the winter of 1974-75, the thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain were studied, near Shelburne Point, Vermont. This mid-latitude, large lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures ... |
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| Ice Thickness Observations, North American Arctic and Subarctic, 1970-71, 1971-72. |
APR 1975 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The seventh in a series of reports on lake and river ice and land-fast sea ice presents ice thickness measurements observed throughout the North American Arctic and subarctic during the 1970-71 and 1971-72 winter seasons. Information on surface ice conditions, dates of first ice, freeze-over and breakup, and detailed measurements of ice thickness across Alaskan rivers are also included. Some reports from the Alaska National Guard network on ice thickness ... |
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| Ice Thickness Observations, North American Arctic and Subarctic, 1967-68, 1968-69. |
JUN 1972 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| This sixth in a series of reports on lake and river ice and land-fast sea ice records ice thicknesses observed throughout the North American arctic and subarctic during the 1968-69 and 1969-70 seasons. Information on ice surface conditions, dates of first ice, freeze-over and breakup, and measurements of ice thickness made on the second voyage of the S.S. Manhattan are also included. Continued reports from the Alaska National Guard Network ... |
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| Ice Thickness Observations, North American Arctic and Subarctic, 1966-67, 1967-68. |
MAR 1971 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The paper is a fifth in a series of reports on lake and river ice and land-fast sea ice, records ice thicknesses observed throughout the North American arctic and subarctic during the 1966-67 and 1967-68 seasons. Information on ice surface conditions, dates of first ice, freeze-over and breakup, and detailed measurements of ice thickness across Alaskan rivers are also included. Continued reports from the Alaska National Guard Network on ice ... |
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| Physical Properties of the Snow Cover and Climatic Conditions at Lebanon, New Hampshire and Vicinity. |
SEP 1970 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The characteristics of the snow cover at Lebanon Regional Airport, New Hampshire and vicinity for the three winters between 1964 and 1967 were investigated. Report includes information on snowfall amounts, snow depth, snow hardness, snow density, and water equivalent. Meteorological data and snow and ground temperatures were also investigated. A mean annual snowfall map for northern New England was developed. Relationships between snow density and climate were investigated. Wind and ... |
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| Physical Characteristics of the Snow Cover Fort Greely, Alaska, 1966-67. |
SEP 1970 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; James Riley; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Observations were made at 19 sites in and around the Fort Greely Military Reservation in Alaska during the winter of 1966-67 to obtain data on the depth and physical properties of the snow cover. Snowfall in 1966-67 totaled 245 cm, which was more than 2-1/2 times the seasonal normal. Maximum snow depths of 80 to 100 cm were observed in a major portion of the reservation. Measurements at nine sites ... |
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| ICE THICKNESS OBSERVATIONS, NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC 1964-65, 1965-66. PART IV. |
NOV 1969 |
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| Authors:
Michael A. Bilello; Roy E. Bates; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The report is fourth in a series of reports on lake and river ice land-fast sea ice records ice thicknesses observed throughout the North American arctic and subarctic during the 1964-65 and 1965-66 seasons. Information on ice surface conditions, dates of first ice, freeze-over and breakup, and detailed measurements of ice thickness across Alaskan rivers are also included. First reports from the Alaska National Guard on ice thickness measurements on ... |
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| ICE CONDITIONS AND PREDICTION OF FREEZE-OVER ON STREAMS IN THE VICINITY OF FT. GREELY, ALASKA. PART I: DESCRIPTION OF ICE CONDITIONS AND ICE THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS ON THE DELTA RIVER AND JARVIS CREEK, 1966-67. PART II: PREDICTION OF FREEZE-OVER ON THE DEL |
OCT 1968 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; Dwane Saboe; Michael A. Bilello; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The Delta River, within the boundary of Ft. Greely, Alaska, is mainly a series of braided channels that freeze over and can be crossed early in winter. However, ice jams and areas that remain ice free due to the influx of ground water could cause traversing problems. Descriptions of the events leading to freeze-over, including ground and aerial photos and diagrams showing the changes in river ice conditions, are given. ... |
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| EFFECTS OF A 20-TON TNT EXPLOSION ON A SNOW COVER. |
APR 1968 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; James R. Hicks; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| This study concerns the physical properties of the snow cover before and after a 20-ton TNT surface burst explosion, and airblast surface erosion caused by the explosion (Event 5 of Operation Distant Plain, at Suffield Experiment Station, Alberta, Canada). (Author) |
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| DEFINING THE COLD REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. |
JUN 1966 |
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| Authors:
Roy E. Bates; Michael A. Bilello; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| The boundaries of the cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere are located by using parameters of air temperature, snow depth, ice cover, and frozen ground. Each parameter is discussed in detail and references used to develop four Northern Hemisphere cold regions maps are given. In all mountainous areas where few reporting stations exist, specific elevations or ridge lines were used to locate the limits of certain zones. In some areas, ... |
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Reports by Author
