Exposure to a blast wave generated during an explosion may result in brain damage and related neurological impairments. Several mechanisms by which the primary blast wave can damage the brain have been proposed, including: ( 1) a direct effect of the shock wave on rhe brain causing tissue damage by skull flexure and propagation of stress and shear forces; and (2) an indirect transfer of kinetic energy from the blast. ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, known as Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). In the popular press, TBI has sometimes been referred to as the signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, 1 with estimates that 10% to 20% of returning OIF/OEF veterans have suffered a TBI.2 Most attention focused initially ...
Disruption of performance observed when animals are exposed to physical stressors which deplete brain catecholamines can be alleviated by pretreatment with the catecholamine precursor tyrosine. Central administration of the stress hormone corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) has been shown to affect a variety of behaviors and also to potentially increase the release of central catecholamines. Since CRF-induced distruption of behavior may involve CRF-induced depletion of brain catecholamines, the present study examined ...
There is increasing clinical and experimental evidence that neuropeptide-Y (NPY), a 26-amino-acid sequence reported to be one of the most prevalent neuropeptides in the brain, plays an important role in modulation of memory. Clinically, the finding of reduced NPY immunoreactivity in the cortex and hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer's disease as well as the presence of NPY-like immunoreactivity in neuronal plaques has implicated has implicated NPY in the pathogenesis of ...
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