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Military SciencesMilitary Operations, Strategy and Tactics

Fighting and Winning Encircled

Authors: Thomas H. Cowan Jr; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MIL ITARY STUDIES
Abstract:
This monograph answers the question 'What must an encircled unit be provided and do in order to successfully hold?' Following the end of the Cold War and the subsequent drawdown, the United States adopted a military strategy of force projection. Given this new strategy, any future adversary of the United States is likely to attack early to deny the points of entry into the theater. The initial deploying U.S. forces must be prepared to fight and defend these points of entry until relieved or reinforced. The author uses historical examples of encirclements from World War II, Korea, and Vietnam to support lessons learned during a major simulation exercise in which a division had to fight encircled. The report presents the preconditions that an operational commander must set for the encircled unit which are: provide the necessary combat power, apply external pressure on the enemy, maintain air superiority, provide logistical support, and give the tactical commander freedom of action. Then the report takes a systems perspective to analyze the tactical commander's mission using the battlefield operating systems as a tool. The author presents the specific tasks the commander must execute and the concepts that he must consider. If the operational commander does not provide the necessary preconditions for success or the tactical commander does not take a systems perspective when setting up the defense, the encircled unit will fail.

Limitations: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Description: Monograph
Pages: 59
Report Date: 14 DEC 95
Report Number: A207903
Keywords relating to this report:
*ENEMY
*MILITARY STRATEGY
*TACTICAL WARFARE
AIR SPACE
BATTLEFIELDS
COLD WAR
COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS
GLOBAL
KOREA
LESSONS LEARNED
LOGISTICS SUPPORT
MILITARY COMMANDERS
MILITARY FORCE LEVELS
MISSIONS
POWER
PRESSURE
SIMULATION
UNITED STATES
VIETNAM
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